硅改性生物炭对酸性土壤化学特性、碳硅组分及番茄生长的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究硅改性生物炭(MSC)对酸性土壤化学特性、有机碳组分、硅化学形态及有效性和番茄生长的影响,以入侵植物为原料制备生物炭,研究硅改性生物炭对酸性土壤碳、硅化学形态转化及有效性的影响,评估其对番茄植株生长、土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,硅改性生物炭显著提升土壤pH值、CEC(阳离子交换量)、EC(电导率)、速效磷和速效钾含量,同时提高土壤水溶性钠和铁的含量,以及增强过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,从而提高土壤质量。生物炭改性与未改性均显著增加土壤碳不同组分的含量;与未改性生物炭相比,硅改性生物炭显著增加土壤微生物生物量碳(21.9%)和水溶性有机碳(898.3%)的含量。硅改性生物炭增加土壤有效硅、水溶性硅、游离态硅、活性硅、铁锰结合态硅和无定形硅含量,增幅分别为362.6%,158.9%,18.1%,34.9%,193.8%,74.1%。与此同时,生物炭处理促进番茄植株生长和硅素养分吸收,其中改性生物炭效果更为明显,植株干物质积累、硅含量与吸收量分别增加82.0%,98.9%,261.5%。综上所述,硅改性生物炭显著影响土壤的碳、硅化学形态及转化,增加土壤的有效性和酶活性,从而促进了作物的养分吸收和生长,显示出其在农业生产中具有良好的应用潜力。

关键词: 番茄, 硅, 改性生物炭, 酸性土壤, 土壤理化性状

Abstract:

This study systematically investigates the effects of silicon-modified biochar (MSC) on the chemical properties of acidic soil,organic carbon and silicon fractions,and the growth of tomato plants.Silicon-modified biochar was prepared,with a focus on investigating its impacts on carbon and silicon chemical fractions,and the availability in acidic soils;tomato growth and soil microbial activity were also evaluated.The results showed that silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity,available phosphorus and potassium.MSC also raised the levels of water-soluble sodium and iron in the soil and enhanced the activities of hydrogen peroxidase and sucrase enzymes,thereby improving soil quality.Both biochar modification and unmodified biochar significantly increased the content of different carbon fractions in the soil.Compared with unmodified biochar,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(21.9%) and water-soluble organic carbon (898.3%).Furthermore,silicon-modified biochar significantly increased the contents of soil available silicon,water-soluble silicon,free silicon,active silicon,iron-manganese-bound silicon and amorphous silicon by 362.6%,158.9%,18.1%,34.9%,193.8%,and 74.1%,respectively.Meanwhile,the application of biochar promoted the growth of tomato plants and the absorption of silicon nutrients,with modified biochar showing more pronounced effects.The accumulation of plant dry matter,silicon content,and absorption rate increased by 82.0%,98.9%,and 261.5%,respectively.In summary,silicon-modified biochar significantly affected the carbon and silicon chemical forms and transformation in the soil,increased soil effectiveness and enzyme activity,thereby promoting nutrient absorption and growth of crops,demonstrating its good potential application in agricultural production.

Key words: Tomato, Silicon, Modified biochar, Acid soil, Soil physicochemical trait

汪胜, 罗梦, 张田田, 李思聪, 蔡昆争. 硅改性生物炭对酸性土壤化学特性、碳硅组分及番茄生长的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(6): 145-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195002.

WANG Sheng, LUO Meng, ZHANG Tiantian, LI Sicong, CAI Kunzheng. The Impacts of Si-modified Biochar on Soil Chemical Properties, Carbon-silicon Fractions and Tomato Growth in Acidic Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(6): 145-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195002.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I6/145

图/表 10

表1 未改性生物炭与硅改性生物炭的基本性质

Tab.1 Basic properties of biochar and Si-modified biochar

类型 Types	产率/% Yield	pH	C/%	H/%	O/%	N/%	S/%	Si/%
SC	35.0	10.89	73.48	3.33	14.25	0.51	0.22	3.48
MSC	36.4	12.12	42.94	3.36	25.65	0.06	0.06	27.31

表2 硅改性生物炭对土壤化学特性的影响

Tab.2 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil chemical characteristics

处理 Treatment	pH	电导率/(mS/cm) EC	阳离子交换量/ (cmol⁺/kg) CEC	碱解氮含量/ (mg/kg) ASN content	速效钾含量/ (mg/kg) AK content	有效磷含量/ (mg/kg) OP content
CK	4.7±0.0d	0.16±0.01bc	4.3±0.2b	56.3±6.5a	73.0±0.0c	26.9±0.0b
SN	5.4±0.1b	0.18±0.00b	5.7±1.0ab	51.3±5.7a	73.0±1.0c	27.0±0.4b
SC	5.2±0.0c	0.14±0.02c	5.8±0.3ab	49.0±7.0a	136.0±8.2a	28.3±1.0a
MSC	6.8±0.2a	0.54±0.02a	8.3±1.5a	45.7±6.4a	103.7±1.5b	29.3±0.5a

图1 硅改性生物炭对土壤水溶性元素含量的影响不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—4,7—8同。

Fig.1 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil water-soluble element content Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—4,7—8.

图2 硅改性生物炭对土壤酶活的影响

Fig.2 Effect of Si-modified biochar on soil enzyme activity

图3 硅改性生物炭对土壤有机碳形态的影响

Fig.3 Effects of Si-modified biochar on soil organic carbon morphology

图4 硅改性生物炭对土壤硅化学形态的影响

Fig.4 Effect of Si-modified biochar on soil silicon morphology

图5 硅改性生物炭处理土壤有机碳、有效硅及其组分与土壤速效养分的相关性 ASN.碱解氮;AK.速效钾;OP.有效磷;ASi.有效硅;CSi.水溶性硅;ACSi.游离态硅;HSi.活性硅;NSi.铁锰结合态硅;NaSi.无定形硅;SOC.有机碳;MBC.微生物生物量碳;SWOC.水溶性有机碳;POC.颗粒有机碳;ROC.易氧化有机碳;MOC.矿质结合态有机碳。^*、^**.皮尔逊效系数在0.05水平下达到显著,在0.01水平上达到极显著。

Fig.5 Correlation between soil organic carbon,effective silicon and its components under Si-modified biochar treatment ASN. Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen; AK. Available potassium; OP. Organo phosphorus; ASi.Available silicon; CSi. Water soluble silicon; ACSi. Dissociative silicon; HSi. Activate silicon, NSi. Iron-manganess bound silicon, NaSi. Amorphous silicon; SOC. Organic carbon; MBC. Microbial biomass carbon; SWOC. Water-soluble organic carbon;POC.Particulate organic carbon;ROC:Easy oxidation organic carbon;ROC. Easy oxidation organic carbon;MOC. Mineral combined state organic carbon.^*,^**.Pearson effect silicon coefficients reaching significant and extremely significant at 0.05,0.01 levels,respectively.

图6 硅改性生物炭对碳硅形态转化的影响 A. 土壤硅形态和土壤有效硅的关系,模型拟合优度指标为:CFI= 0.963,χ²=6.806,df=3,P=0.078;B. 土壤碳形态和土壤有机碳的关系,模型拟合优度指标为:CFI=0.945,χ²=8.520,df=4,P=0.074。^*、^**和^***分别代表皮尔逊效系数在0.05,0.01和0.001水平达到显著水平。

Fig.6 Effect of Si-modified biochar on carbon-silicon morphological conversion A. The relationship between soil silica forms and soil available silica, with model fit indices: CFI=0.963, χ²=6.806,df=3,P=0.078; B.The relationship between soil carbon forms and soil organic carbon, with model fit indices: CFI=0.945,χ²=8.520,df=4,P=0.074.^*,^{* *}and^*** represent Pearson effect silicon coefficients reaching significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively.

图7 硅改性生物炭对番茄植株生长的影响

Fig.7 Effect of Si-modified biochar on tomato growth

图8 硅改性生物炭对番茄植物硅含量、吸收量的影响

Fig.8 Effect of Si-modified biochar on the silicon content and absorption amount of tomato plants

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