不同轮作模式对旱地番茄品质、产量及土壤真菌多样性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192759

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了筛选出适宜晋东南地区种植的最佳旱地番茄轮作作物,设置番茄轮作玉米(LVZm)、西葫芦(LVCp)、花生(LVAh)、葱(LVAf)、秋葵(LVAe)、黄瓜(LVCs)以及番茄连作(LLLe,CK)7种模式处理,测定后茬番茄品质指标(可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比、硝酸盐、Vc、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物、番茄红素)、产量指标(单果质量、产量)以及根际土壤真菌ITS1区域土壤微生物群落结构和多样性变化。结果表明,子囊菌是7个处理中的优势菌门,其余菌的种类与丰度存在较大差异;LVCs、LVZm、LVAh、LVAe这4种轮作模式可提高土壤真菌多样性指数,而LVCp轮作模式会降低土壤真菌多样性指数。LVZm轮作模式口感较佳;LVAe轮作模式、LLLe(CK)连作模式的Vc含量最高;可溶性蛋白含量没有显著差异;可溶性固形物含量以LLLe连作模式、LVCp轮作模式较高;LVCp轮作模式番茄红素含量最高;LVAe轮作模式硝酸盐含量最高。LVAe、LVCp轮作模式产量较LLLe(CK)显著提高,且LVCp轮作模式单果质量较LLLe(CK)显著增加。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,不同作物轮作品质、产量综合得分从高到低为LVCp>LVAe> LLLe> LVAh>LVAf>LVZm>LVCs。综上所述,不同作物的轮作会改变土壤真菌群落结构,影响真菌多样性及后茬番茄品质与产量,综合各因素认为,西葫芦、秋葵是较为适宜晋东南地区番茄生长的优势轮作作物。

关键词: 旱地番茄, 轮作, 真菌多样性, 品质, 产量

Abstract:

In order to select rotation crops suitable for tomato in southeastern of Shanxi Province,we planted six cropsrotation patterns,namely maize(LVZm),zucchini(LVCp),peanut(LVAh),green onion(LVAf),okra(LVAe),and cucumber(LVCs),taking treatment with continuous tomato cultivation(LLLe,CK)as control. The changes in the microbial community structure and diversity in the ITS1 region of soil fungi were analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. At the same time,the quality indicators(soluble total sugar,organic acid content,sugar-acid ratio,Vc content,soluble protein,soluble solids,lycopene content,nitrate)and yield indicators(single fruit weight,yield)of the following tomatoes were measured. The results showed that Ascomycote was the dominant phyla in the 7 treatments,and the species and abundance were quite different,LVCs,LVZm,LVAh and LVAe increased the diversity index of fungal,while LVCp decreased the index. LVZm had better taste;LVAe and LLLe had the highest Vc content;no significant difference in soluble protein content;the content of soluble solids were the highest in LLLe and LVCp;the content of lycopene was highest in LVCp;LVAe had the highest nitrate content. The yields significantly increased in LVAe and LVCp patterns,and the quality of single fruit significantly increased in LVCp rotation. Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the scores of quality and yield among different patterns from high to low were LVCp>LVAe>LLLe> LVAh>LVAf> LVZm>LVCs. In summary,crop rotation changes the soil fungal community structure,affects the index of the fungal,the quality and yield of tomatoes in subsequent crops. Based on various factors,zucchini and okra are the dominant rotation crops suitable for the growth of local tomatoes.

Key words: Tomato in dryland, Rotation, Diversity of fungal community, Quality, Yield

李万星, 李丹, 李小霞, 曹晋军, 靳鲲鹏, 韩文清, 苏秀敏, 王佼, 黄学芳, 刘永忠. 不同轮作模式对旱地番茄品质、产量及土壤真菌多样性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(4): 82-89. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192759.

LI Wanxing, LI Dan, LI Xiaoxia, CAO Jinjun, JIN Kunpeng, HAN Wenqing, SU Xiumin, WANG Jiao, HUANG Xuefang, LIU Yongzhong. Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on Tomato Quality and Yield and Soil Fungi Diversity in Dryland[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(4): 82-89. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192759.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I4/82

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	覆盖度/% Coverage
LVZm	317.50	4.726 2	0.863 487	99.98
LLLe(CK)	287.41	4.486 8	0.836 162	99.99
LVCp	233.20	4.139 8	0.826 100	99.99
LVAh	313.00	5.143 6	0.925 048	99.98
LVAf	274.09	4.735 0	0.896 959	99.99
LVAe	298.66	4.944 4	0.890 984	99.98
LVCs	328.75	4.923 6	0.883 552	99.98

处理 Treatment	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	覆盖度/% Coverage
LVZm	317.50	4.726 2	0.863 487	99.98
LLLe(CK)	287.41	4.486 8	0.836 162	99.99
LVCp	233.20	4.139 8	0.826 100	99.99
LVAh	313.00	5.143 6	0.925 048	99.98
LVAf	274.09	4.735 0	0.896 959	99.99
LVAe	298.66	4.944 4	0.890 984	99.98
LVCs	328.75	4.923 6	0.883 552	99.98

处理 Treatment
LVZm	1.48±0.01b	0.23±0.01c	6.5±0.0a	0.18±0.02a	0.41±0.01a	5.00±0.13c	6.29±0.98c	26.89±0.53c
LLLe(CK)	1.41±0.01c	0.27±0.01bc	5.3±0.0a	0.21±0.01a	0.40±0.01a	6.50±0.12a	6.28±0.79c	23.53±0.01d
LVCp	1.40±0.01c	0.23±0.01c	6.2±0.0a	0.20±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	6.50±0.09a	27.92±1.63a	32.26±0.40a
LVAh	1.39±0.01c	0.27±0.01bc	5.2±0.0a	0.13±0.01b	0.40±0.01a	5.55±0.17b	12.87±0.06bc	29.43±0.27b
LVAf	1.38±0.03c	0.61±0.01a	2.2±0.0a	0.18±0.00a	0.40±0.01a	5.00±0.07c	20.72±3.95ab	25.91±0.19c
LVAe	1.50±0.02b	0.29±0.01b	5.1±0.0a	0.21±0.02a	0.41±0.01a	5.00±0.09c	12.33±2.33bc	33.71±0.42a
LVCs	1.62±0.01a	0.31±0.01b	5.3±0.0a	0.13±0.01b	0.41±0.00a	5.90±0.13b	10.74±4.03bc	32.94±0.12a

处理 Treatment
LVZm	1.48±0.01b	0.23±0.01c	6.5±0.0a	0.18±0.02a	0.41±0.01a	5.00±0.13c	6.29±0.98c	26.89±0.53c
LLLe(CK)	1.41±0.01c	0.27±0.01bc	5.3±0.0a	0.21±0.01a	0.40±0.01a	6.50±0.12a	6.28±0.79c	23.53±0.01d
LVCp	1.40±0.01c	0.23±0.01c	6.2±0.0a	0.20±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	6.50±0.09a	27.92±1.63a	32.26±0.40a
LVAh	1.39±0.01c	0.27±0.01bc	5.2±0.0a	0.13±0.01b	0.40±0.01a	5.55±0.17b	12.87±0.06bc	29.43±0.27b
LVAf	1.38±0.03c	0.61±0.01a	2.2±0.0a	0.18±0.00a	0.40±0.01a	5.00±0.07c	20.72±3.95ab	25.91±0.19c
LVAe	1.50±0.02b	0.29±0.01b	5.1±0.0a	0.21±0.02a	0.41±0.01a	5.00±0.09c	12.33±2.33bc	33.71±0.42a
LVCs	1.62±0.01a	0.31±0.01b	5.3±0.0a	0.13±0.01b	0.41±0.00a	5.90±0.13b	10.74±4.03bc	32.94±0.12a

指标 Index	可溶性糖 Soluble total sugar	有机酸 Organic acid	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	Vc	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid matter	番茄红素 Lycopene	硝酸盐 Nitrate	产量 Yield	单果质量 Single fruit weight
可溶性糖Soluble total sugar	1.000	-0.262	0.315	-0.330	0.826^*	-0.073	-0.412	0.526	-0.614	-0.768^*
有机酸Organic acid	-0.262	1.000	-0.974^**	-0.025	-0.084	-0.421	0.304	-0.288	-0.043	-0.108
糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio	0.315	-0.974^**	0.035	0.035	0.125	0.371	-0.262	0.284	-0.027	0.035
Vc	-0.330	-0.025		1.000	-0.312	0.105	0.120	-0.226	0.637	0.247
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein	0.826^*	-0.084	0.125	-0.312	1.000	-0.546	-0.676	0.262	-0.562	-0.973^**
可溶性固形物Soluble solid matter	-0.073	-0.421	0.371	0.105	-0.546	1.000	0.196	-0.038	-0.021	0.639
番茄红素Lycopene	-0.412	0.304	-0.262	0.120	-0.676	0.196	1.000	0.335	0.512	0.586
硝酸盐Nitrate	0.526	-0.288	0.284	-0.226	0.262	-0.038	0.335	1.000	0.165	-0.186
产量Yield	-0.614	-0.043	-0.027	0.637	-0.562	-0.021	0.512	0.165	1.000	0.557
单果质量Single fruit weight	-0.768^*	-0.108	0.035	0.247	-0.973^**	0.639	0.586	-0.186	0.557	1.000

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