不同保护性耕作对亚麻产量与品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192794

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同保护性耕作措施对亚麻生长期间土壤耕层水分含量、纤维和籽粒产量、种植成本和麻农收益的影响,在光热丰富但干旱少雨的云南宾川县开展了亚麻田间试验。结果表明,与常规耕作处理相比,研究中设计的9种不同的保护性耕作方式,均可以显著提高亚麻生育期间农田耕层土壤的含水量,并在一定水平上提高亚麻的株高、茎粗、工艺长度、分枝数、单株蒴果数、单株茎质量;与常规耕作处理相比,不同保护性耕作处理对亚麻籽粒和纤维的增产效果不显著,但是在综合产量上看,完全免耕、不开沟、用厢沟边碎土盖种厚度不大于0.5 cm处理增产效果最佳,较常规耕作籽粒增产272 kg/hm²,纤维增产123 kg/hm²。因此,在光热丰富,但是干旱少雨的宾川及具有类似气候的地区,保护性耕作可以作为亚麻种植的良好选择,适宜的保护性耕作可以提高亚麻纤维和籽粒的产量,并可以降低亚麻种植成本,从而提高麻农种植收益。

关键词: 亚麻, 条播, 免耕, 秸秆覆盖, 保护性耕作

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of different conservation tillage measures on soil water content during flax growth period,fiber and grain yield,planting cost and farmers' income,a field experiment was carried out in Binchuan County,Yunnan Province,where was rich in light and heat but dry with little rain. The results showed that compared with conventional tillage,the 9 different conservation tillage methods could significantly increase the soil water content in surface soil,and increase plant height,stem diameter,technical length,branch number,capsule number per plant,and stem weight per plant to a certain level. Compared with conventional tillage,different conservation tillages did not significantly increase the grain yield and fiber yield of flax. However,in terms of the total yield,no-tillage,no ditching,and covering flax seeds with a soil thickness less than 0.5 cm obtained the highest yield increase,which increased the grain yield by 272 kg/ha and fiber yield by 123 kg/ha compared with conventional tillage. Therefore,conservation tillage could be a good choice for flax cultivation in Binchuan and similar regions with the same climate. Suitable conservation tillage could increase the yield of flax fiber and grain,and reduce the planting cost of flax,so as to increase the income of farmers.

Key words: Flax, Drilling method, No-tillage, Straw mulching, Conservation tillage

赵信林, 刘洪强, 邱财生, 郭媛, 龙松华, 王玉富. 不同保护性耕作对亚麻产量与品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 148-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192794.

ZHAO Xinlin, LIU Hongqiang, QIU Caisheng, GUO Yuan, LONG Songhua, WANG Yufu. Effects of Different Conservation Tillages on Yield and Quality of Flax[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 148-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192794.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/148

图/表 5

表1 本研究中设计的试验处理及简称

Tab.1 The treatments and their abbreviations designed in this study

序号 Order	处理 Treatment	处理简称 Abbreviation
1	常规耕作,翻土15 cm	CK
2	完全免耕,不开沟,不覆土或稻草	NT+NC
3	完全免耕,不开沟,覆干稻草2~3层,地表覆盖率95%以上,约0.4 kg/m²	NT+Str
4	完全免耕,不开沟,覆厢沟边碎土不大于0.5 cm	NT+Soil
5	少耕,开小沟,不覆土或稻草	LT+NC
6	少耕,开小沟,覆稻草2~3层,地表覆盖率95%以上,约0.4 kg/m²	LT+Str
7	少耕,开小沟,覆土深度不大于0.5 cm	LT+Soil
8	少耕,破碎厢面2 cm,不覆土或稻草	LT+NC+BS
9	少耕,破碎厢面2 cm,覆稻草2~3层,地表覆盖率95%以上,约0.4 kg/m²	LT+Str+BS
10	少耕,破碎厢面2 cm,覆土深度不大于0.5 cm	LT+Soil+BS

图1 不同日期测定的土壤水分含量柱子上方不同字母表示各处理间在5%水平差异显著(P<0.05)。图2-4同。

Fig.1 Soil moisture measured on different date Different letters above the column indicate that there is significant difference between treatments at 5% level(P<0.05). The same as Fig. 2-4.

图2 不同处理的亚麻出苗数

Fig.2 The seedling number of flax of different treatments

图3 不同处理亚麻植株形态参数分析

Fig. 3 Analysis of morphological parameters of flax under different treatments

图4 不同处理亚麻纤维和籽粒产量相关参数分析

Fig. 4 Analysis of parameters related to fiber and grain yield of flax under different treatments

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