砂姜黑土农田年内轮耕对夏玉米氮素和干物质积累、转运的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步探索适宜黄淮海区域砂姜黑土小麦玉米轮作区玉米高效、可持续生产适宜机械耕作措施，自2010年开展定位机械耕作试验，在秸秆全量还田条件下分别设置7个冬小麦-夏玉米年内轮耕处理：旋耕-免耕（对照）、免耕-免耕、深松-免耕、深耕-免耕、旋耕-隔年旋耕、深松-隔年深松、深耕-隔年深耕，于2012，2013年分别取样对夏玉米氮素积累、转运和干物质积累进行比较分析。结果表明，玉米成熟期地上部氮素积累量2年均为旋耕-隔年旋耕处理值最高，分别比对照（旋耕-免耕）增加14.57%（2012年）和30.95%（2013年），且差异显著，其他处理与对照间差异均不显著。灌浆期地上部氮素积累量连续2年均为对照、免耕-免耕和深耕-免耕处理较低，灌浆期间地上部氮素积累量连续2年均为对照、免耕-免耕和深耕-免耕处理较低，地上部干物重2年均为对照最低，显著低于深松-免耕、旋耕-隔年旋耕（2012年）和深松-隔年深松（2013年）处理。各处理籽粒产量与对照相比差异不显著，但2012年深松-免耕处理产量最高，显著高于深耕-免耕和深耕-隔年深耕处理。因此，建议黄淮海区域砂姜黑土农田小麦季和玉米季以旋耕和深松为主进行周年内或年际间轮耕，促进玉米植株氮素积累尤其是灌浆期间，促进干物质生产。

关键词: 夏玉米, 氮素积累, 深耕, 深松, 旋耕, 免耕

Abstract: In order to explore a most suitable tillage to attain high and stable yield in summer maize in Shajiang Black soil, continuous annual tillage experiments were started from 2010 with seven different tillage treatments of winter wheat-summer maize annual tillage (rotary tillage-no tillage (CK);no tillage-no tillage;subsoiling tillage-no tillage;deep tillage-no tillage;rotary tillage-alternate years rotary tillage;subsoiling tillage-alternate years subsoiling tillage;deep tillage-alternate years deep tillage)in summer maize and winter wheat rotation system of Huanghuai Region, China. Sampling was done in 2012 and 2013. Rotary tillage-alternate years rotary tillage attained the highest aboveground nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity stage, with the increased by 14.57% (2012)and 30.95% (2013)compared with CK, and there was no significant difference between other tillage treatments and CK.For both two years, the nitrogen accumulation in shoot during kernel filling was lowest in control, followed by the treatments of no tillage-no tillage and the deep tillage-no tillage. The dry matter was lowest in CK, which was significantly lower than those of rotary tillage-alternate year rotary tillage treatment, subsoiling tillage-no tillage (2012), subsoiling tillage-alternate years subsoiling tillage (2013). The difference between CK and other tillage treatments was not significant, while in 2012, subsoiling tillage-no tillage attained highest yield, significantly higher than those of deep tillage-no tillage and deep tillage-alternate years deep tillage. Therefore, the alternate seasons of wheat and maize or years rotary tillage and subsoiling could be suggested to increase nitrogen accumulation, especially grain filling stage, and improve grain nitrogen concentration, dry matter production.

Key words: Summer maize, Nitrogen accumulation, Deep tillage, Subsoiling tillage, Rotary tillage, No tillage

中图分类号:

仝星星, 孙武, 李松坚, 张洪生, 刘树堂, 姜雯. 砂姜黑土农田年内轮耕对夏玉米氮素和干物质积累、转运的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4): 189-195. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.027.

TONG Xingxing, SUN Wu, LI Songjian, ZHANG Hongsheng, LIU Shutang, JIANG Wen. Effects of Different Annual Tillage Treatments on the Accumulation and Translocation of Nitrogen and Dry Matter of Summer Maize in Shajiang Black Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(4): 189-195. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.027.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I4/189

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