施用氮锌肥对不同夏玉米品种干物质和氮锌元素累积分配的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192579

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究施用氮锌肥下夏玉米植株干物质、氮锌元素累积和分配的变化,为锌肥的合理利用及肥料配施提供理论依据。采用再裂区设计,主因素为90,180,225 kg/hm² 3个施氮水平,副因素为0,4.5 kg/hm² ZnSO₄·7H₂O 2个喷锌处理,副副因素为郑单958和谷神玉66 2个玉米品种,大田条件下研究施用氮锌肥对不同玉米品种籽粒产量、植株干物质累积动态和各器官氮锌元素吸收、累积、分配的影响。结果表明,施氮量为180,225 kg/hm²下夏玉米籽粒产量分别达9.77,10.42 t/hm²,较90 kg/hm²处理平均增加18.0%;吐丝后以施氮量225 kg/hm²下干物质量较高,成熟期以90 kg/hm²处理的穗轴和籽粒干物质量分配比例较高。成熟期施氮量225 kg/hm²处理各器官中氮含量、茎中锌含量以及叶和籽粒氮、锌累积量均表现出优势,而90 kg/hm²处理下鞘、苞叶、籽粒锌含量和籽粒氮、锌分配比例均较高。施锌处理对籽粒产量和干物质累积分配无显著影响,与不施锌相比,施锌显著提高了各器官中氮、锌含量和累积量,但分别降低籽粒中氮、锌分配比例6.93, 6.86百分点。郑单958籽粒产量和干物质占比较谷神玉66高,成熟期植株干物质量高出29.2%。郑单958籽粒氮、锌含量分别较谷神玉66低8.9%和5.3%,但籽粒累积量和分配比例均高于谷神玉66。相关分析表明,玉米籽粒产量和茎、叶、籽粒中氮含量呈显著正相关,叶片锌含量与鞘、籽粒氮含量也呈显著或极显著正相关,穗轴中锌含量与茎、穗轴和苞叶氮含量相关性达显著或极显著水平。因此,施用氮锌肥可以明显提高夏玉米产量和干物质累积量,促进植株各器官尤其是籽粒对氮、锌的吸收和累积,但同时降低籽粒中氮锌的分配比例。

关键词: 夏玉米, 氮锌施用, 产量, 干物质, 累积分配

Abstract:

This study investigated the accumulation and distribution of dry matter,nitrogen(N)and zinc(Zn)of summer maize under N and Zn fertilization,to provide a basis for reasonable application of zinc fertilizer and combined fertilization.Split-split design was used with three N rates(90,180,225 kg/ha N)as the main factor,two Zn rates(0,4.5 kg/ha ZnSO₄·7H₂O)as the second factor,two varieties(ZD958 and GSY66)as the third factor.The effect of N and Zn application on the grain yield,dry matter accumulation dynamic and N and Zn absorption,accumulation and distribution of each organ of different maize varieties by field experiment.The results showed that the grain yield achieved 9.77,10.42 t/ha under the N rates of 180,225 kg/ha,respectively,increased by 18.0% compared with 90 kg/ha.The treatment of 225 kg/ha N had the highest plant dry matter accumulation after silking,while the treatment of 90 kg/ha had higher ratio of cob and grain dry matter at the mature stage.Highest N concentration in each organ,Zn concentration in the stem and N and Zn accumulation in the leaf and grain were obtained in the treatment of 225 kg/ha,while highest Zn concentration in the sheath,bract and grain and ratio of grain N and Zn were found in the treatment of 90 kg/ha.No effect was found in the grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution under two Zn treatments.Zn application significantly increased N and Zn concentration and accumulation but decreased distribution ratio of grain N and Zn by 6.93,6.86 percentage points,respectively.Relative to GSY66,ZD958 had higher grain yield and dry matter ratio,and increased dry matter by 29.2% at maturity.Besides this,ZD958 decreased grain N and Zn concentration by 8.9% and 5.3%,respectively,but improved grain accumulation and distribution ratio.Correlation analysis showed that grain yield and N concentration in the stem,leaf and grain were significantly positively correlated.There was also a significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between Zn concentration in the leaf and N concentration in the sheath and grain,between Zn concentration in the cob and N concentration in the sheath,cob and bract.These results suggested that combination of N and Zn fertilizers could increase yield and plant dry matter accumulation,enhance the N and Zn absorption and accumulation in each organ especially grain,but decrease distribution ratio of N and Zn in the grain.

Key words: Summer maize, Combination of N and Zn fertilizers, Yield, Dry matter, Accumulation and distribution

张盼盼, 邵运辉, 刘京宝, 乔江方, 李川, 张美微, 赵霞, 黄璐. 施用氮锌肥对不同夏玉米品种干物质和氮锌元素累积分配的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(2): 96-103. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192579.

ZHANG Panpan, SHAO Yunhui, LIU Jingbao, QIAO Jiangfang, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHAO Xia, HUANG Lu. Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Application on the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nitrogen and Zinc of Different Summer Maize Varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(2): 96-103. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192579.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I2/96

图/表 7

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氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	锌处理 Zinc treatment	品种 Variety	氮含量/(g/kg) N concentration						锌含量/(mg/kg) Zn concentration
氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	锌处理 Zinc treatment	品种 Variety	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cob	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cob	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain
N1	Zn0	ZD958	3.3±0.1de	5.6±0.1g	3.5±0.0fg	2.2±0.1efg	3.2±0.1de	11.3±0.4e	19.2±0.5def	23.4±0.7ef	18.4±0.4def	22.4±0.5def	13.0±0.1def	23.5±0.7bc
		GSY66	2.9±0.1ef	13.2±0.2de	4.5±0.1cde	2.8±0.1def	3.5±0.1cde	12.2±0.3cd	23.5±0.8cde	35.8±0.4cd	15.8±0.6ef	23.2±0.8cde	22.2±0.4cde	27.1±0.8ab
	Zn1	ZD958	3.8±0.1fg	6.1±0.1g	3.2±0.0g	5.0±0.1a	4.6±0.2abc	12.1±0.2cd	16.9±0.7de	36.0±1.1cd	39.6±0.9abc	36.3±0.8bc	33.0±0.1bc	28.9±0.6ab
		GSY66	3.0±0.0de	11.8±0.4def	4.0±0.1ef	2.5±0.1ef	3.8±0.1bcd	12.1±0.2cde	34.3±1.2bcd	57.0±1.5ab	36.3±0.9bcd	36.5±0.9bc	35.5±1.1abc	29.3±1.0ab
N2	Zn0	ZD958	5.9±0.2b	15.3±0.4abc	3.8±0.1efg	2.4±0.1ef	3.2±0.1de	13.4±0.3bc	16.3±0.5de	24.9±0.9ef	12.2±0.5fg	24.0±0.6cde	11.6±0.3ef	24.4±0.5bc
		GSY66	2.5±0.1efg	14.6±0.5cd	4.9±0.2bcd	1.8±0.1fg	3.4±0.1cde	14.8±0.4b	29.2±0.3cd	46.5±1.0bc	22.0±0.8cde	22.7±0.5def	18.0±0.6de	23.9±0.6bc
	Zn1	ZD958	7.4±0.1a	14.5±0.4cd	5.3±0.2abc	4.4±0.1bc	4.7±0.1ab	14.1±0.2bc	11.4±0.4ef	41.1±1.3bcd	18.3±0.5def	45.3±0.6a	22.9±0.5cde	31.6±0.1a
		GSY66	5.3±0.1bc	16.5±0.3ab	6.6±0.1a	3.1±0.1cd	4.6±0.2abc	17.1±0.3a	42.4±0.7ab	60.0±2.3a	41.7±1.1ab	39.5±0.8ab	42.3±1.1a	27.7±0.6ab
N3	Zn0	ZD958	5.7±0.1b	12.7±0.2de	3.6±0.1fg	2.4±0.1ef	3.0±0.1def	11.8±0.3de	29.4±0.8cd	26.8±0.7def	13.3±0.3fg	35.5±1.0c	16.1±0.5de	20.8±0.1cd
		GSY66	4.0±0.1d	12.7±0.4de	4.3±0.1de	2.3±0.1efg	2.7±0.1ef	12.7±0.3bcd	40.8±1.2abc	47.0±0.9bc	19.2±0.3de	19.7±0.3ef	10.8±0.4ef	21.4±0.4bcd
	Zn1	ZD958	5.8±0.2b	17.9±0.4a	5.2±0.1bc	3.2±0.1bcd	4.9±0.1a	12.8±0.3bcd	19.4±0.6def	36.0±0.5cd	23.9±0.7cde	43.8±1.5a	30.9±0.6bcd	20.4±0.3cd
		GSY66	5.2±0.2bc	14.8±0.6bcd	5.8±0.2ab	2.8±0.1def	4.5±0.1bcd	16.9±0.2a	45.8±1.6a	65.0±1.3a	44.4±1.3a	24.9±0.4cde	39.1±0.8ab	28.6±1.0ab

氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	锌处理 Zinc treatment	品种 Variety	氮含量/(g/kg) N concentration						锌含量/(mg/kg) Zn concentration
氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	锌处理 Zinc treatment	品种 Variety	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cob	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cob	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain
N1	Zn0	ZD958	3.3±0.1de	5.6±0.1g	3.5±0.0fg	2.2±0.1efg	3.2±0.1de	11.3±0.4e	19.2±0.5def	23.4±0.7ef	18.4±0.4def	22.4±0.5def	13.0±0.1def	23.5±0.7bc
		GSY66	2.9±0.1ef	13.2±0.2de	4.5±0.1cde	2.8±0.1def	3.5±0.1cde	12.2±0.3cd	23.5±0.8cde	35.8±0.4cd	15.8±0.6ef	23.2±0.8cde	22.2±0.4cde	27.1±0.8ab
	Zn1	ZD958	3.8±0.1fg	6.1±0.1g	3.2±0.0g	5.0±0.1a	4.6±0.2abc	12.1±0.2cd	16.9±0.7de	36.0±1.1cd	39.6±0.9abc	36.3±0.8bc	33.0±0.1bc	28.9±0.6ab
		GSY66	3.0±0.0de	11.8±0.4def	4.0±0.1ef	2.5±0.1ef	3.8±0.1bcd	12.1±0.2cde	34.3±1.2bcd	57.0±1.5ab	36.3±0.9bcd	36.5±0.9bc	35.5±1.1abc	29.3±1.0ab
N2	Zn0	ZD958	5.9±0.2b	15.3±0.4abc	3.8±0.1efg	2.4±0.1ef	3.2±0.1de	13.4±0.3bc	16.3±0.5de	24.9±0.9ef	12.2±0.5fg	24.0±0.6cde	11.6±0.3ef	24.4±0.5bc
		GSY66	2.5±0.1efg	14.6±0.5cd	4.9±0.2bcd	1.8±0.1fg	3.4±0.1cde	14.8±0.4b	29.2±0.3cd	46.5±1.0bc	22.0±0.8cde	22.7±0.5def	18.0±0.6de	23.9±0.6bc
	Zn1	ZD958	7.4±0.1a	14.5±0.4cd	5.3±0.2abc	4.4±0.1bc	4.7±0.1ab	14.1±0.2bc	11.4±0.4ef	41.1±1.3bcd	18.3±0.5def	45.3±0.6a	22.9±0.5cde	31.6±0.1a
		GSY66	5.3±0.1bc	16.5±0.3ab	6.6±0.1a	3.1±0.1cd	4.6±0.2abc	17.1±0.3a	42.4±0.7ab	60.0±2.3a	41.7±1.1ab	39.5±0.8ab	42.3±1.1a	27.7±0.6ab
N3	Zn0	ZD958	5.7±0.1b	12.7±0.2de	3.6±0.1fg	2.4±0.1ef	3.0±0.1def	11.8±0.3de	29.4±0.8cd	26.8±0.7def	13.3±0.3fg	35.5±1.0c	16.1±0.5de	20.8±0.1cd
		GSY66	4.0±0.1d	12.7±0.4de	4.3±0.1de	2.3±0.1efg	2.7±0.1ef	12.7±0.3bcd	40.8±1.2abc	47.0±0.9bc	19.2±0.3de	19.7±0.3ef	10.8±0.4ef	21.4±0.4bcd
	Zn1	ZD958	5.8±0.2b	17.9±0.4a	5.2±0.1bc	3.2±0.1bcd	4.9±0.1a	12.8±0.3bcd	19.4±0.6def	36.0±0.5cd	23.9±0.7cde	43.8±1.5a	30.9±0.6bcd	20.4±0.3cd
		GSY66	5.2±0.2bc	14.8±0.6bcd	5.8±0.2ab	2.8±0.1def	4.5±0.1bcd	16.9±0.2a	45.8±1.6a	65.0±1.3a	44.4±1.3a	24.9±0.4cde	39.1±0.8ab	28.6±1.0ab

项目 Item	产量 Yield	茎N Stem N	叶N Leaf N	鞘N Sheath N	穗轴N Cob N	苞叶N Bract N	籽粒N Grain N
产量 Yield	1.000	0.655^*	0.617^*	0.422	-0.002	0.278	0.424^*
茎Zn Stem Zn	0.092	0.230	0.254	0.463	-0.450	-0.139	0.532
叶Zn Leaf Zn	0.105	-0.086	0.361	0.696^*	-0.170	0.375	0.720^**
鞘Zn Sheath Zn	0.053	-0.113	0.038	0.423	0.330	0.597^*	0.540
穗轴Zn Cob Zn	0.174	0.584^*	0.246	0.272	0.635^*	0.744^**	0.073
苞叶Zn Bract Zn	-0.002	0.080	0.211	0.567	0.410	0.791^**	0.533
籽粒Zn Grain Zn	-0.326	0.085	-0.115	0.255	0.556	-0.521	0.348

项目 Item	产量 Yield	茎N Stem N	叶N Leaf N	鞘N Sheath N	穗轴N Cob N	苞叶N Bract N	籽粒N Grain N
产量 Yield	1.000	0.655^*	0.617^*	0.422	-0.002	0.278	0.424^*
茎Zn Stem Zn	0.092	0.230	0.254	0.463	-0.450	-0.139	0.532
叶Zn Leaf Zn	0.105	-0.086	0.361	0.696^*	-0.170	0.375	0.720^**
鞘Zn Sheath Zn	0.053	-0.113	0.038	0.423	0.330	0.597^*	0.540
穗轴Zn Cob Zn	0.174	0.584^*	0.246	0.272	0.635^*	0.744^**	0.073
苞叶Zn Bract Zn	-0.002	0.080	0.211	0.567	0.410	0.791^**	0.533
籽粒Zn Grain Zn	-0.326	0.085	-0.115	0.255	0.556	-0.521	0.348

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