摘要： 为探究盛花期渍水对不同耐湿性芝麻品种氮素吸收的影响，在盆栽试验条件下，以2种耐湿性不同的品种郑芝13和郑98N09为材料，研究了盛花期渍水持续时长（0，12，24，36 h）对芝麻植株氮含量、氮积累量及各器官氮分配比例的影响。结果表明：随生育进程推进，两品种4个处理茎秆、蒴果壳氮含量逐渐降低，而叶片氮含量逐渐增加，至出苗后40 d达到最大值然后逐渐降低。两品种茎秆、叶片、蒴果壳氮积累量表现出先上升后下降的变化规律，即出苗61 d之前逐渐增加，之后逐渐下降。两品种单株氮积累量随生育期推进逐渐增加。于出苗后61，90 d，两品种W12h、W24h和W36h处理茎秆氮含量均大于CK，而叶片、蒴果壳氮含量均低于CK。于出苗后61，90 d，两品种茎秆氮积累量均表现为W12h > W24h > CK > W36h，而叶片、蒴果壳和单株氮积累量大小顺序均为CK > W12h > W24h > W36h。于成熟期，郑芝13和郑98N09 4个处理茎秆、叶片、蒴果壳、籽粒和单株氮积累量达到显著差异水平，各器官（郑芝13蒴果壳氮素分配比例除外）分配比例也达到显著差异。正常生长情况下（CK），郑芝13和郑98N09籽粒氮素积累量所占比例最大，分别为51.29%，53.04%，其次为蒴果壳 > 茎秆 > 叶片。随渍水时长增加，两品种叶片、蒴果壳、籽粒和单株渍害指数逐渐增加。在4个器官中，渍水对两品种叶片影响最大，其次为籽粒，单株受影响最小。在渍水时长相同时，耐湿品种郑98N09各器官（茎秆除外）的渍害指数小于不耐湿品种郑芝13。综上，盛花期渍水提高了芝麻茎秆氮含量，降低了叶片和蒴果壳氮含量，降低了成熟期芝麻各器官及单株氮积累量。随渍水持续时间增加，茎秆和籽粒分配比例逐渐增加，而叶片和蒴果壳分配比例逐渐降低。受渍水影响，芝麻各器官和单株的渍害指数逐渐增大。叶片和蒴果壳的渍害指数均大于茎秆和籽粒。渍害对不同耐湿品种氮素吸收、积累分配的影响存在较大差异，耐湿性品种郑98N09对氮素的吸收积累分配要优于不耐湿品种郑芝13。

关键词: 芝麻, 盛花期, 渍水, 氮素积累与分配, 渍害指数

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of waterlogging at full flowering stage on the characteristics of nitrogen uptake in sesame cultivars with different waterlogging tolerance. The pot experiment was comprised of two sesame cultivars (Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09) and four waterlogging regimes (waterlogging for 0, 12, 24 and 36 h) in a completely randomized design. The results showed that for Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09, the N content of stem and capsule shell decreased gradually, while the N content of leaves increased gradually and reached the maximum value at 40 days after emergence and then decreased gradually. The N accumulation of stem, leaf and capsule shell increased at first, reaching the maximum at 61 days of emergence, and then decreased. The N accumulation per plant of two varieties went up gradually with increasing plant age. At 61 and 90 days after emergence, the stem N content of W12h, W24h and W36h in two varieties was higher than that of CK, but the N content of leaf and capsule shell was lower than that of CK. At 61 and 90 days after emergence, the stem N accumulation in both Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09 followed in the order of W12h > W24h > CK > W36h, whereas the N accumulation of leaves, capsule shell and single plant followed in the order of CK > W12h > W24h > W36h. At maturity, the N accumulation of stem, leaves, capsule shell, grain and single plant differed significantly in effect of waterlogging on Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09. Moreover, the distribution ratio of each organ, except capsule shell of Zhengzhi 13, also had a significant difference. Under normal growth conditions (CK), the distribution ratio of grain N was the largest in both Zhengzhi 13 (51.29%) and Zheng 98N09 (53.04%), and that of capsule shell N was higher than that of stem and leaves. the waterlogging index of leaves, capsule shell, grain and single plant rise gradually with increasing waterlogging duration. Among the four organs of two varieties, the effect of waterlogging on leaves was more than on grain and single plant. At the waterlogging duration, the waterlogging index of leaf and capsule shell in Zheng 98N09 was lower than in Zhengzhi 13. In summary, waterlogging at full flowering increased the stem N content, and decreased the leaf N content and capsule shell, and also reduced the N accumulation of organs and single plant at maturity. With increasing waterlogging duration, the distribution ratio of stem and grain increased, whereas that of leaf and capsule shell decreased. The waterlogging index of each organ and single plant of sesame increased gradually with increasing waterlogging duration. The waterlogging index of leaf and capsule shell was higher than that of stem and grain. There were great genotypic differences in the effects of waterlogging on nitrogen absorption, accumulation and distribution and it turned out that Zheng 98N09 (tolerant) was better than Zhengzhi 13 (sensitive).

Key words: Sesame, Full flowering stage, Waterlogging, Accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, Waterlogging index

中图分类号: 

• S143.1