不同灌溉技术下水氮耦合对小麦光合特性、灌水利用特性及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191170

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探索不同灌溉技术和水氮耦合下小麦最佳节水增效模式，采用普通灌溉、喷灌（PG）和滴灌（DG）3种灌溉技术，以小麦品种郑麦103为研究对象，设置4个灌水量（B1、B2、B3和B4）和2个施氮量（C1和C2）。3种灌溉技术设置共同不灌水对照（B1C1和B1C2），共20个处理。结果表明：灌水显著提高了小麦SPAD值、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和产量，其中，均以灌水量为B2时最高。普通灌溉、PG灌溉技术下均以B2C2处理的小麦SPAD值最高，分别为51.1，52.1；而DG灌溉技术下以B2C1处理的最高，为51.8。普通灌溉、PG、DG均以B2C1处理的小麦净光合速率和产量最高，净光合速率分别达到了13.84，14.44，14.22 μmol/（m² · s）；产量分别达到了10 802，10 559，10 641 kg/hm²。灌水利用效率和灌水效益则随着灌水量的减少而增加（除普通灌溉下灌水效益外）。普通灌溉、PG、DG均以B4C1处理的灌水利用效率最高，分别达到了227.8，247.4，249.7 kg/m³。节水灌溉技术下（PG和DG）小麦灌水效益均以B4C2处理的最高，分别为66.3，69.0 kg/m³，而普通灌溉技术下以B3C2处理最高，为47.5 kg/m³。结果还表明，灌水量相对充足（B2和B3）条件下，3种灌溉技术下小麦光合特性、灌水利用特性及产量均没有显著差异，但是在低灌水量（B4）条件下，节水灌溉技术下（PG和DG）小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率、灌水利用效率、灌水效益和产量均显著高于对应普通灌溉处理。综合考虑小麦产量和灌水利用特性，节水灌溉技术下（PG和DG）+B4C1为最佳节水增效模式。

关键词: 小麦, 灌溉技术, 水氮耦合, 光合特性, 灌水利用特性, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the optimal water saving and efficiency model of wheat under different irrigation technologies and water-nitrogen coupling, an experiment was carried out with three irrigation technologies, such as conventional irrigation, sprinkler irrigation(PG)and drip irrigation(DG), four irrigation amounts of B1,B2,B3 and B4, and two nitrogen application amounts C1 and C2, and the same non-irrigation treatments (B1C1 and B1C2) were carried out with three irrigation technologies, therefore there were 20 treatments. The winter wheat cultivar Zhengmai 103 was used as the testing material. The results showed that irrigation significantly increased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and yield of winter wheat. The highest values of SPAD were 51.1 and 52.1 with B2C2 treatments in conventional irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technologies, respectively, while the highest value of SPAD was 51.8 of B2C1 treatment under drip irrigation technology. The highest net photosynthetic rates and grain yields of winter wheat were all the B2C1 treatments under three different irrigation technologies, the net photosynthetic rates reached to 13.84, 14.44,14.22 μmol/(m²·s), respectively; and the yield reached to 10 802, 10 559,10 641 kg/ha, separately, in conventional irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technologies. The irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit increased with the decreasing in irrigation amount (except the irrigation efficiency under common irrigation). The highest irrigation water use efficiency of conventional irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technologies were all the B4C1 treatments, reaching to 227.8, 247.4,249.7 kg/m³, respectively. The highest irrigation benefit of sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technologies were all the B4C2 treatments, reaching to 66.3,69.0 kg/m³, respectively. However, the highest irrigation benefit was 47.5 kg/m³ of B3C2 treatment under conventional irrigation technology. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics, irrigation water use characteristics and yield of the winter wheat between water-saving irrigation technology and conventional irrigation technology under relatively sufficient irrigation water (B2 and B3) conditions. However, under low irrigation water (B4) conditions, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, irrigation water use efficiency, irrigation benefit and yield of winter wheat in the water-saving irrigation technology were significantly higher than those of conventional irrigation technology. Comprehensively considered irrigation water use characteristics and yield of the winter wheat, the B4C1 with sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technologies were the optimal water saving and efficiency model.

Key words: Wheat, Irrigation technology, Water-nitrogen coupling, Photosynthetic characteristics, Irrigation water use characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

S512.01
S311

高翠民, 杨永辉, 何方, 韩伟峰, 王小非, 武继承. 不同灌溉技术下水氮耦合对小麦光合特性、灌水利用特性及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(5): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191170.

GAO Cuimin, YANG Yonghui, HE Fang, HAN Weifeng, WANG Xiaofei, WU Jicheng. Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Irrigation Water Use Characteristics and Yield in Winter Wheat under Different Irrigation Technologies[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(5): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191170.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I5/72

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