花后渍水对小麦旗叶光合和籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192295

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确花后渍水对小麦籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。于2015-2016年小麦生长季在安徽农业大学皖中试验站以皖垦麦076和皖麦52为供试材料，采用大田试验方法，在小麦开花后设置了0（W0），3（W3），6（W6），9 d（W9）4个渍水处理，研究花后渍水对小麦旗叶光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、籽粒灌浆特性和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，花后14 d，两品种W3处理旗叶净光合速率、SPAD值、丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化物酶（POD）活性与W0无显著差异，W6和W9处理显著低于W0，而旗叶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在不同品种间表现不同，皖垦麦076的W9处理旗叶SOD和CAT活性显著低于其他处理，皖麦52的W3和W6处理旗叶SOD和CAT活性显著低于W0但高于W9处理。渍水6，9 d显著降低了小麦籽粒灌浆的平均速率，不同小麦品种在渍水条件下对籽粒灌浆进程的影响程度也不同。花后各渍水处理对小麦穗数无显著差异，皖垦麦076 W3处理的穗粒数与W0无显著差异，W6和W9处理显著低于W0，而皖麦52的穗粒数表现为W3、W6和W9处理均显著低于W0，以W9处理最低，两品种千粒质量和产量均表现为W0>W3>W6>W9，渍水9 d时，两品种产量降幅分别为34.99%，40.44%。本试验条件下，开花期渍水降低了小麦旗叶光合能力，影响了籽粒灌浆进程，降低了平均灌浆速率，导致千粒质量下降，从而降低了产量。

关键词: 小麦, 渍水, 光合特性, 籽粒灌浆, 产量

Abstract: In 2015-2016 wheat growing season, Wankenmai 076 and Wanmai 52 were used at the Wanzhong Experiment Station of Anhui Agricultural University to study the effect of waterlogging after anthesis on the grain filling characteristics and yield of winter wheat. Four treatments, 0(W0), 3(W3), 6(W6), and 9(W9)days of waterlogging after anthesis, were established. The results showed that 14 days after flowering, no significant differences were observed in net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, malondialdehyde(MDA)content and peroxidase(POD)activity in flag leaf between W0 and W3 treatments. Moreover, W6 and W9 treatments showed significant lower values than that of W0. However, superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity of flag leaf were different in different varieties, SOD and CAT activities of flag leaf in Wankenmai 076 of W9 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments, SOD and CAT activity of flag leaf in Wanmai 52 of W3 and W6 treatment were significantly lower than those of W0 treatment, but higher than those of W9 treatment. In addition, W6 and W9 showed significantly lower average grain filling rate than W0 and W3 treatments, and different wheat varieties had different effects on the grain filling process under waterlogging conditions. There was no significant difference in spike number of wheat under waterlogging after anthesis. Moreover, there was no significant difference in grain number between W0 and W3 treatments, while W6 and W9 treatments were significantly lower than that of W0 in Wankenmai 076. However, the grain number and weight of W3, W6 and W9 in Wanmai 52 showed significantly lower values than those of W0 treatment, and W9 treatment was the lowest. The 1000-grain weight and yield of both varieties ranked as W0>W3>W6>W9. After 9 days of waterlogging, the yield of both varieties decreased by 34.99% and 40.44%. Under the conditions of this experiment, waterlogging during flowering period reduced the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves of wheat, affected the grain filling process, reduced the average grain filling rate, and led to the decrease of 1000-grain weight, thus reducing the final yield.

Key words: Wheat, Waterlogging, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain-filling, Yield

中图分类号:

S512.01
S311

周袁慧, 马尚宇, 王艳艳, 黄正来, 张文静, 樊永惠, 侯君佑, 盖盼盼, 单雅敬. 花后渍水对小麦旗叶光合和籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(S1): 111-117. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192295.

ZHOU Yuanhui, MA Shangyu, WANG Yanyan, HUANG Zhenglai, ZHANG Wenjing, FAN Yonghui, HOU Junyou, GAI Panpan, SHAN Yajing. Effect of Waterlogging Duration After Anthesis on Flag Leaf Photosynthesis, Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(S1): 111-117. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192295.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/IS1/111

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