夏玉米粒位效应对增密的响应及其碳氮代谢特征

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究夏玉米粒位效应对增密的响应及其碳氮代谢特征,2020—2021年在河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所堤上试验站,通过设置不同密度处理(PD1:6.0万株/hm²;PD2:7.5万株/hm²;PD3:9.0万株/hm²)的大田试验,研究了增密对玉米不同粒位籽粒灌浆与碳氮代谢生理特征的影响。结果显示,增密对弱势粒灌浆影响较为明显,其灌浆速率和粒质量差异呈现时间分别自授粉后20~25 d和30~35 d开始。弱、强势粒粒质量比随着种植密度的增加明显降低,与PD1相比,PD3处理的弱、强势粒粒质量比平均降低8.45%。增密明显降低了单株干物质积累量,主要归因于花后干物质积累量的明显降低。通过对弱、强势粒碳氮代谢生理相关指标的分析表明,增密加剧了玉米弱、强势粒间淀粉和蛋白含量差异,同时也加剧了玉米灌浆中期弱、强势粒间蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPSase)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPGase)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的差异,这主要与增密明显降低弱势粒SPSase、ADPGase和GS活性有关;综上所述,增密通过明显降低弱势粒灌浆充实而加剧玉米的粒位效应,增密限制玉米弱势粒灌浆一方面与其降低花后干物质积累有关;另一方面与其明显影响弱势粒碳氮代谢酶SPSase、ADPGase和GS活性密切相关。

关键词: 夏玉米, 增密, 粒位效应, 碳氮代谢

Abstract:

In order to explore the responses of kernel position effect of summer maize to plant density and its carbon and nitrogen metabolism characteristic,field experiments were conducted during 2020 and 2021 growing reasons at Dishang Experimental Station,Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Three plant densities(PD1:60 000 plants/ha;PD2:75 000 plants/ha;PD3:90 000 plants/ha)were arranged,with the objectives to study the effect of plant density on grain filling and kernel weight ratio of inferior and superior kernel and its physiological characteristics of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Compared with the superior kernel,the response of inferior kernel to plant density was more obvious,significant differences in grain-filling rate and kernel weight of inferior kernel were observed since 20—25 d and 30—35 d after pollination,respectively. As the plant density increases,the kernel weight ratio of inferior to superior kernel significantly decreased,PD3 decreased the kernel weight ratio of inferior to superior kernel by 8.45% on average,compared to that of PD1. The single plant dry matter accumulation significantly decreased as the plant density decreased,this was mainly due to the significant decrease of post-silking dry matter accumulation. The analysis of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of kernel showed that the increased plant density exacerbate the difference in starch and protein contents between inferior and superior kernels;and the increased plant density also exacerbate the difference in SPSase,ADPGase and GS activities between inferior and superior kernels,which mainly attributed to the significant decrease in SPSase,ADPGase and GS activities of inferior kernel. In conclusion,the increased plant density exacerbate the kernel position effect of summer maize,this was related to the lower grain-filling rate and kernel weight of inferior kernel since mid-grain filling stage,the lower grain filling rate in inferior kernel under dense planting was not only related to the insufficient post-silking dry matter accumulation,and it was also closely related to the lower activities of SPSase,ADPGase,and GS in inferior kernels.

Key words: Summer maize, Increasing plant density, Kernel position effect, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism

翟立超, 张丽华, 郑孟静, 吕丽华, 申海平, 姚海坡, 贾秀领. 夏玉米粒位效应对增密的响应及其碳氮代谢特征[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(5): 97-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192910.

ZHAI Lichao, ZHANG Lihua, ZHENG Mengjing, LÜ Lihua, SHEN Haiping, YAO Haipo, JIA Xiuling. Responses of Kernel Position Effect of Summer Maize to Increasing Plant Density and Its Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristic[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(5): 97-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192910.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I5/97

图/表 7

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年 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质积累量/(g/株) Pre-anthesis DMA	花后干物质积累量/(g/株) Post-anthesis DMA	总干物质积累量/(g/株) Total DMA	收获指数 Harvest index
2020	PD1	119.5±4.4a	188.5±7.9a	308.0±4.4a	0.513±0.011a
	PD2	108.0±3.1b	170.4±5.6b	278.4±13.5b	0.536±0.008a
	PD3	92.5±1.0c	140.7±4.5c	233.3±3.9c	0.464±0.008b
2021	PD1	92.8±0.3ab	101.0±2.9a	193.8±2.6a	0.565±0.002a
	PD2	98.9±1.4a	89.7±2.8b	178.6±1.5b	0.539±0.004b
	PD3	90.1±1.2b	82.8±2.2b	172.9±1.1b	0.528±0.001c

年 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质积累量/(g/株) Pre-anthesis DMA	花后干物质积累量/(g/株) Post-anthesis DMA	总干物质积累量/(g/株) Total DMA	收获指数 Harvest index
2020	PD1	119.5±4.4a	188.5±7.9a	308.0±4.4a	0.513±0.011a
	PD2	108.0±3.1b	170.4±5.6b	278.4±13.5b	0.536±0.008a
	PD3	92.5±1.0c	140.7±4.5c	233.3±3.9c	0.464±0.008b
2021	PD1	92.8±0.3ab	101.0±2.9a	193.8±2.6a	0.565±0.002a
	PD2	98.9±1.4a	89.7±2.8b	178.6±1.5b	0.539±0.004b
	PD3	90.1±1.2b	82.8±2.2b	172.9±1.1b	0.528±0.001c

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	蔗糖磷酸合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SPSase	蔗糖合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) ADPGase	淀粉合成酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) SSSase	淀粉分支酶/ (U/g) SBEase
PD1	弱势粒	342.5±9.4b	1 213.3±12.1a	33.6±0.1ab	30.0±0.5d	98.9±1.3b
	强势粒	390.7±2.5a	1 148.2±18.9ab	36.5±0.1a	34.7±0.2a	111.7±1.1a
PD2	弱势粒	322.6±13.1b	1 098.0±5.8b	30.5±0.9c	31.0±0.4cd	99.5±2.2b
	强势粒	404.5±8.2a	1 099.2±55.6b	34.8±1.0ab	32.9±0.7b	113.8±6.6a
PD3	弱势粒	319.7±5.8b	1 209.2±7.1a	28.5±1.0d	24.3±0.7e	97.9±3.5b
	强势粒	402.7±4.4a	1 189.7±19.7a	33.5±0.2b	31.8±0.6bc	117.1±0.9a

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	蔗糖磷酸合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SPSase	蔗糖合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) ADPGase	淀粉合成酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) SSSase	淀粉分支酶/ (U/g) SBEase
PD1	弱势粒	342.5±9.4b	1 213.3±12.1a	33.6±0.1ab	30.0±0.5d	98.9±1.3b
	强势粒	390.7±2.5a	1 148.2±18.9ab	36.5±0.1a	34.7±0.2a	111.7±1.1a
PD2	弱势粒	322.6±13.1b	1 098.0±5.8b	30.5±0.9c	31.0±0.4cd	99.5±2.2b
	强势粒	404.5±8.2a	1 099.2±55.6b	34.8±1.0ab	32.9±0.7b	113.8±6.6a
PD3	弱势粒	319.7±5.8b	1 209.2±7.1a	28.5±1.0d	24.3±0.7e	97.9±3.5b
	强势粒	402.7±4.4a	1 189.7±19.7a	33.5±0.2b	31.8±0.6bc	117.1±0.9a

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	谷氨酰胺合成酶/ (U/g) GS	硝酸还原酶/ (nmol/(h·g)) NR	亚硝酸还原酶/ (μmol/(h·g)) NiR	NADH-谷氨酸脱氢酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) NADH-GDH
PD1	弱势粒	2.76±0.02c	136.7±0.8b	337.9±2.4a	9.5±0.8b
	强势粒	2.98±0.06b	167.0±3.5a	331.5±3.5a	14.8±0.3a
PD2	弱势粒	2.96±0.02b	106.3±3.5d	337.3±1.1a	9.8±0.3b
	强势粒	3.22±0.01a	128.8±2.7b	329.3±1.2a	13.5±0.7a
PD3	弱势粒	2.59±0.03c	97.1±0.3e	338.0±0.2a	9.3±0.3b
	强势粒	2.93±0.05b	117.8±3.2c	336.7±2.6a	14.0±0.6a

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