华北农学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 139-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193617

所属专题: 小麦

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

深耕时间和方式对旱地麦-玉复种体系小麦产量形成的影响

汪洪涛1, 赵凯男1, 张军1, 黄修利1, 赵雯馨1, 李淑靖1, 黄明1, 李友军1, 吴金芝1, 蒋向2   

  1. 1.河南科技大学 农学院,河南 洛阳 471023,
    2.河南省农业技术推广总站,河南 郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-22 出版日期:2023-04-28
  • 通讯作者:
    吴金芝(1978-),女,河南潢川人,副教授,博士,主要从事小麦高产生理生态研究。
    蒋向(1984-),男,河南郑州人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事小麦生产技术推广工作。
  • 作者简介:

    汪洪涛(1998-),男,江西临川人,在读硕士,主要从事小麦高产栽培技术研究。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2018YFD0300707); 河南省旱地绿色智慧农业特色骨干学科群建设项目(17100001)

Effects of Time and Method of Deep Tillage on Yield Formation of Wheat in Dryland Wheat-Maize Multiple Cropping System

WANG Hongtao1, ZHAO Kainan1, ZHANG Jun1, HUANG Xiuli1, ZHAO Wenxin1, LI Shujing1, HUANG Ming1, LI Youjun1, WU Jinzhi1, JIANG Xiang2   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China
    2. Henan Extension Station for Agricultural Techniques,Zhengzhou 450002,China
  • Received:2022-11-22 Published:2023-04-28

摘要:

为筛选适于旱地冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系中冬小麦高产的深耕时间和方式,于2019年6月-2021年6月,在豫西典型的旱作麦-玉复种轮作种植区设置夏深翻(SP)、夏深松(SS)、秋深翻(AP)和秋深松(AS)4个处理,研究了2个试验年度的小麦产量、产量构成和穗部性状,以及2020-2021年度的小麦群体茎蘖数、旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率、干物质和氮素积累转运特性。深耕时间和方式对旱地冬小麦产量、产量构成因素、穗部性状、茎蘖数、旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、干物质和氮素积累转运均有显著影响。与夏深翻相比,秋深松的冬小麦产量、穗数、返青-成熟期地上部干物质积累总量、花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量、开花-成熟期氮素积累总量、花前氮素转运量、灌浆中后期旗叶SPAD值和抽穗-灌浆后期旗叶净光合速率分别显著提高18.38%~19.55%, 16.85%~26.05%,15.33%~20.28%,16.47%, 20.43%, 26.11%~33.81%, 36.49%, 5.24%~9.69%和5.55%~23.70%。秋深松能够增加小麦的茎蘖数、旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率, 改善干物质和氮素积累转运特性, 最终在增加穗数的同时稳定穗粒数和千粒质量, 显著提高籽粒产量, 是适宜于旱地麦-玉复种体系小麦生产的耕作模式。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系, 旱地, 耕作时间, 耕作方式, 产量, 光合特性, 积累转运

Abstract:

In order to screen the proper time and method of deep tillage for achieving high yield of winter wheat in the winter wheat-summer maize(namely,wheat-maize)multiple cropping system in dryland,a field experiment including four treatments,namely deep plowing in summer season(SP),subsoiling in summer season(SS),deep plowing in autumn season(AP)and subsoiling in autumn season(AS),was carried out in the typical dryland wheat-maize production area in Western Henan Province from June 2019 to June 2021.The yield,yield components and spike traits of wheat in the two experimental years,as well as tiller numbers,SPAD and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)in flag leaves,the characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation in 2020-2021 were investigated.Both the time and method of deep tillage had significant effects on the grain yield,yield components,spike traits,tiller number,flag leaf SPAD and Pn,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation in dryland winter wheat.Compared with SP, the yield, spike number, shoot dry matter accumulation from regreening to maturity, pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen accumulation from anthesis to maturity, pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation, flag leaf SPAD values during mid-late grain filling stage and flag leaf Pn from heading to latter grain filling of winter wheat in AS were significantly increased by 18.38%-19.55%, 16.85%-26.05%, 15.33%-20.28%, 16.47%, 20.43%, 26.11%-33.81%,36.49%,5.24%-9.69%, and 5.55%-23.70%, respectively.AS can increase the tiller numbers,flag leaf SPAD and Pn,and improve the characteristics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation,thereby ultimately stabilizing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight when increasing the number of spikes,and significantly increasing the grain yield of winter wheat.It is a suitable tillage pattern for wheat in wheat-maize multiple cropping system in dryland.

Key words: Winter wheat-summer maize multiple cropping system, Dryland, Tillage time, Tillage methods, Yield, Photosynthetic characteristics, Accumulation and transportation

引用本文

汪洪涛, 赵凯男, 张军, 黄修利, 赵雯馨, 李淑靖, 黄明, 李友军, 吴金芝, 蒋向. 深耕时间和方式对旱地麦-玉复种体系小麦产量形成的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(2): 139-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193617.

WANG Hongtao, ZHAO Kainan, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Xiuli, ZHAO Wenxin, LI Shujing, HUANG Ming, LI Youjun, WU Jinzhi, JIANG Xiang. Effects of Time and Method of Deep Tillage on Yield Formation of Wheat in Dryland Wheat-Maize Multiple Cropping System[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(2): 139-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193617.

使用本文

0
    /   /   推荐 /   导出引用

链接本文: http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/10.7668/hbnxb.20193617

               http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I2/139