不同滴灌施肥频次对中强筋小麦籽粒灌浆特性及籽粒形态的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193627

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效提高冬小麦千粒质量,探究不同滴灌施肥频次对黄淮海麦区中强筋小麦籽粒灌浆和成熟籽粒形态的影响,在田间试验条件下,选用不同中强筋冬小麦品种为试验材料,开展了施氮总量(尿素形式)210 kg/hm²和灌溉总量120 mm下不同滴灌施肥频次(2,3,4次,分别以DF2、DF3、DF4表示)和传统灌溉施肥(CK)的对比试验。结果表明:籽粒形态(除长度、圆度外)、籽粒灌浆关键参数(V_mean、V_max、V₂、M₂)、千粒质量两两间存在显著或极显著的相关性;滴灌提高了V_mean(平均灌浆速率)、V_max(最大灌浆速率)、V₂(快增期灌浆速率)和M₂(快增期籽粒积累量);与2次追水肥(DF2)相比,3次追水肥后(DF3),最大灌浆速率出现时间T_max、V_mean、 V_max、V₂、M₂和籽粒面积均有所提高;4次追水肥后(DF4),T_max、T₂和M₂有所提高。与DF2相比,增加施肥频次(DF3和DF4)籽粒的长度、宽度、厚度、圆度和籽粒面积均有提高,DF3的籽粒宽度和籽粒面积提高达到显著水平,DF4的籽粒厚度提高达到显著水平,其纵横比降低,2.2~2.5 mm筛分等值显著降低,>2.8 mm筛分等值增加,籽粒更加饱满。与畦灌相比,DF3和DF4的籽粒同样更加饱满。综上,在小麦生产中,通过滴灌适当增加施肥频次对优化穗粒发育、提高籽粒质量非常重要。

关键词: 中强筋小麦, 滴灌, 施肥频次, 灌浆特性, 籽粒形态

Abstract:

In order to effectively improve the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat,explore the effect of different drip irrigation and fertilization frequency on grain filling and mature grain shape of medium strong gluten wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region,under the field experimental conditions,different winter wheat varieties with medium strong gluten were selected as experimental materials,a comparative experiment was carried out on different drip irrigation fertilization frequency(2,3,4 times,respectively represented by DF2,DF3,DF4)and traditional irrigation fertilization(CK)under 210 kg/ha of total nitrogen application(urea form)and 120 mm of total irrigation.The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations between grain shape(except length and roundness),key grain filling parameters(V_mean,V_max,V₂,M₂)and 1000-grain weight through correlation analysis.Drip irrigation increased V_mean (average filling speed),V_max (maximum filling speed),V₂(grain filling speed in rapid growth period),and M₂ (grain accumulation in rapid growth period).Compared with two times of topdressing with water and fertilizer(DF2),after three water and fertilizer applications(DF3),T_max,V_mean,V_max,V₂,M₂,and grain area all increased,and after four water and fertilizer applications(DF4),T_max,T₂,M₂ had improved.Compared with DF2,the length,width,thickness,roundness,and grains area increased with the frequency of fertilization(DF3 and DF4),the width and grain area of DF3 reached a significant level,and the thickness of DF4 reached a significant level,reducing the vertical and horizontal.The sieving equivalent of 2.2-2.5 mm was significantly reduced,and the sieving equivalent of >2.8 mm was increased,and the grains were more plump.Compared with border irrigation,the grains of DF3 and DF4 were also more plump.In conclusion,in wheat production,it is very important to increase the frequency of fertilization through drip irrigation to optimize the development of spike grains and improve grain weight.

Key words: Medium-strength gluten wheat, Drip irrigation, Fertilization times, Grain-filling characteristics, Grain shape

郝天佳, 徐学欣, 徐宇凡, 刘帅, 贾靖, 朱紫鑫, 孟繁港, 赵长星. 不同滴灌施肥频次对中强筋小麦籽粒灌浆特性及籽粒形态的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(2): 129-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193627.

HAO Tianjia, XU Xuexin, XU Yufan, LIU Shuai, JIA Jing, ZHU Zixin, MENG Fangang, ZHAO Changxing. Effects of Different Drip Irrigation and Fertilization Times on Grain Filling Characteristics and Grain Shape of Medium-strength Gluten Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(2): 129-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193627.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I2/129

图/表 10

参考文献 29

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小麦季 Wheat seasons	播种日期 (月-日) Dates of sowing	收获日期 (月-日) Dates of harvest	滴灌追肥日期(月-日) Dates of drip fertigation
小麦季 Wheat seasons	播种日期 (月-日) Dates of sowing	收获日期 (月-日) Dates of harvest	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Grouting
2020-2021	10-11	06-17	04-06	04-25	05-07	05-25
2021-2022	10-28	06-18	04-18	04-21	05-13	05-27

小麦季 Wheat seasons	播种日期 (月-日) Dates of sowing	收获日期 (月-日) Dates of harvest	滴灌追肥日期(月-日) Dates of drip fertigation
小麦季 Wheat seasons	播种日期 (月-日) Dates of sowing	收获日期 (月-日) Dates of harvest	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Grouting
2020-2021	10-11	06-17	04-06	04-25	05-07	05-25
2021-2022	10-28	06-18	04-18	04-21	05-13	05-27

处理 Treatment		小麦生育时期 Wheat growth period
处理 Treatment		播种 Seeding	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Filling	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application	总灌水量 Total irrigation
畦灌Border irrigation	CK	90 N	120 N&75 I		75 I		210	150
滴灌Drip fertigation	DF4	90 N	30 N/I	30 N/I	30 N/I	30 N/I	210	120
	DF3	90 N	40 N/I		40 N/I	40 N/I	210	120
	DF2	90 N	60 N/I		60 N/I		210	120

处理 Treatment		小麦生育时期 Wheat growth period
处理 Treatment		播种 Seeding	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Filling	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application	总灌水量 Total irrigation
畦灌Border irrigation	CK	90 N	120 N&75 I		75 I		210	150
滴灌Drip fertigation	DF4	90 N	30 N/I	30 N/I	30 N/I	30 N/I	210	120
	DF3	90 N	40 N/I		40 N/I	40 N/I	210	120
	DF2	90 N	60 N/I		60 N/I		210	120

年份 Year		品种 Variety		处理 Treatment		千粒质量/g TKW		a		b		k	R²
2020-2021		济麦22		CK		39.65		45.57		9.89		0.15	0.973
				DF4		44.20		55.05		25.79		0.17	0.996
				DF3		44.64		52.02		35.75		0.21	0.974
				DF2		44.18		50.36		34.41		0.22	0.972
		济麦20		CK		45.47		49.67		26.14		0.20	0.970
				DF4		47.42		57.21		25.12		0.20	0.996
				DF3		46.32		54.64		40.28		0.23	0.987
				DF2		45.68		50.79		21.38		0.23	0.986
		师栾02-1		CK		29.98		32.63		15.53		0.21	0.949
				DF4		34.18		40.08		17.21		0.18	0.995
				DF3		34.37		40.60		21.55		0.20	0.995
				DF2		32.47		38.16		17.89		0.19	0.979
2021-2022		济麦22		CK		37.61		38.79		47.64		0.22	0.990
				DF4		42.03		53.67		36.34		0.18	0.997
				DF3		40.51		48.08		38.18		0.19	1.000
			DF2		40.33		41.40		45.91		0.22		0.980
	济麦20		CK		38.88		41.85		27.45		0.20		1.000
			DF4		40.51		45.55		34.55		0.21		1.000
			DF3		40.12		43.95		39.03		0.21		1.000
			DF2		38.12		41.53		49.59		0.21		1.000
	师栾02-1		CK		31.40		29.53		28.53		0.22		0.997
			DF4		32.67		40.16		70.69		0.21		1.000
			DF3		32.61		37.74		38.89		0.22		0.998
			DF2		29.52		38.16		17.89		0.19		0.997

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