膜下滴灌条件下不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系分布及其产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系生长的影响,提高西北地区马铃薯产量。于2018在大田遮雨棚内进行,以马铃薯品种海斯薯为试验材料,采用膜下滴灌的灌溉方式。根据不同田间持水量梯度设置6个处理(分别为T1:85%~95%、T2:75%~85%、T3:65%~75%、T4:55%~65%、T5:45%~55%和T6:不灌水处理),研究不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系特性、产量及其相关性的影响。结果表明,随着田间持水量的下降根系分布逐渐加深,在田间持水量大于45%,根系主要分布在垄面0~10 cm处;当田间持水量小于45%时,根系主要分布在垄侧20~40 cm处。持水量高于65%处理下的块茎产量和大薯率高于其他处理,补偿效应显著(P<0.05);其中,持水量75%~85%处理下产量最高,平均产量为884.06 g/株,较T6处理增产257.61%。相关性分析发现,田间持水量与垄面根长、根表面积、大薯率和块茎产量呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,垄面根系长度和表面积与马铃薯块茎产量显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,田间持水量大于65%时,能显著提高垄面的根长、根表面积和产量,其中,持水量75%~85%处理下产量最高。

关键词: 马铃薯, 膜下滴灌, 根系特性, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of different field water capacity on potato root growth and improve potato yield in the Northwest. The potato variety Hermes was grown in the field under a rain shelter and film mulching with drip irrigation under six field water capacity gradient treatments(85%-95%,75%-85%,65%-75%,55%-65%,45%-55% and non-irrigation)in 2018 to investigate the effects of different field water capacity on root system characteristics,tuber yield and relevance. The results showed that the root distribution gradually deepened as the field water holding capacity decreased,and when the field water holding capacity was greater than 45%,the roots were mainly distributed at 0-10 cm of the monopoly surface;when the field water holding capacity was less than 45%,the roots were mainly distributed at 20-40 cm of the monopoly side. Tuber yield and large potato rate were higher under the field water capacity of 65%-95% than that under other treatment,and the compensation effect was significant(P<0.05). Among them,the field water capacity of 75%-85% treatment had the highest yield,with an average yield of 884.06 g/plant,which was 257.61% higher than the T6 treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that field water capacity was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with top root length,root surface area,large potato rate and tuber yield,and top root length and surface area were significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with potato tuber yield. In summary,field water capacity greater than 65% significantly increased root length,root surface area and yield on the monopoly surface,with the highest yields achieved under the 75%-85% water capacity treatment.

Key words: Potato, Drip irrigation with plastic mulch, Root system characteristics, Yield

李志涛, 马文婧, 朱金勇, 史田斌, 李泓阳, 陈丽敏, 张俊莲, 刘玉汇, 刘震. 膜下滴灌条件下不同田间持水量对马铃薯根系分布及其产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 161-171. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193047.

LI Zhitao, MA Wenjing, ZHU Jinyong, SHI Tianbin, LI Hongyang, CHEN Limin, ZHANG Junlian, LIU Yuhui, LIU Zhen. Effects of Different Field Water Capacity on Root System Characteristics and Yield of Potato under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Mulch[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 161-171. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193047.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/161

图/表 9

表1 不同年份马铃薯生育期内不同水分处理的滴灌次数和滴灌量

Tab.1 Times and amounts of drip irrigation during potato growth period under different water treatments

处理 Treatment	滴灌次数 Times of drip irrigation	总滴灌量/mm Total amounts of drip irrigation
T1	17	553.20
T2	17	413.46
T3	16	249.75
T4	11	109.35
T5	10	73.95
T6	2	30.24

图1 根部取样示意图 A.水平示意图;B.剖面示意图。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of root sampling A.The horizontal schematic;B.The vertical schematic.

图2 不同水分处理对马铃薯根长的影响柱状图上不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图3-5同。

Fig.2 Effect of different water treatments on root length of potato Different lowercase letters on the bar graph indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.3-5.

图3 不同水分处理对马铃薯根表面积的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different water treatments on root surface area of potato

图4 不同水分处理对马铃薯平均根直径的影响

Fig.4 Effect of different water treatments on the mean root diameter of potato

图5 不同水分处理对马铃薯根体积的影响

Fig.5 Effect of different water treatments on root volume of potato

表2 不同水分处理对马铃薯单株产量及其构成因素的影响

Tab.2 Effect of different water treatments on yield and its components of potato

处理 Treatment	单株产量/g Yield of per plant	大薯率/% Large tuber rate	中薯率/% Medium tuber rate	小薯率/% Small tuber rate
T1	821.70±68.17a	50.91±1.33a	42.47±1.63b	6.62±0.71a
T2	884.06±47.61a	48.46±4.62a	42.34±3.45b	9.20±1.29a
T3	654.34±30.62b	51.67±4.44a	38.10±3.86b	10.23±0.62a
T4	370.32±13.12c	16.14±2.98b	68.67±2.82a	15.20±5.48a
T5	326.00±31.12c	21.95±2.50b	62.27±2.43a	15.78±2.25a
T6	247.22±32.71c	15.19±7.91b	69.32±5.77a	15.49±2.79a

图6 不同水分处理下不同部位根系特性与产量的相关性 ^*.显著相关(P<0.05);^**.极显著相关(P<0.01)。图7同。

Fig.6 Correlation between root characteristics and yield of different parts under different water treatments ^*. Significant correlation(P<0.05);^**. Highly significant correlation(P<0.01).The same as Fig.7.

图7 不同水分处理下不同深度根系特性与产量的相关性

Fig. 7 Correlation between root characteristics and yield at different depths under different water treatments

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