浅埋滴灌下尿素减量配施UAN对春玉米干物质积累及氮效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192659

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现西辽河平原春玉米持续稳产和养分资源高效利用,探索春玉米减氮增效新途径。以常规追施尿素(CK1,570 kg/hm²)为对照,设置不同比例减施尿素梯度和相应配施尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)处理分别为N1U处理(225 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN)、N2U处理(375 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN),研究浅埋滴灌减施尿素配施UAN对春玉米物质积累、氮效率和产量的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,N2U处理在总氮投入量减少25.12%的条件下春玉米产量不减少;N1U处理总氮投入量减少51.42%,产量显著下降。N2U处理总干物质积累量亦显著高于CK处理,吐丝期、完熟期分别增加12.84%~16.40%和6.05%~9.76%;完熟期总氮积累量相比CK增加20.55%~42.29%。N2U处理适量减少总氮投入量25.12%的条件下春玉米产量不降低,具有较好的高产高效优势,是西辽河平原同等地力条件下春玉米浅埋滴灌模式较合理的施肥方式。

关键词: 春玉米, 浅埋滴灌, 尿素硝酸铵溶液, 西辽河平原, 氮效率

Abstract:

In order to explore a new way to reduce nitrogen and increase efficiency of spring maize,in the agricultural high tech demonstration park of Horqin district,Inner Mongolia,two different ratios of reduced urea gradients and corresponding combined application of urea ammonium nitrate solution(UAN)were set in comparison with conventional topdressing urea(CK1,570 kg/ha)(N1U treatment 225 kg/ha urea + 75 kg/ha UAN and N2U treatment 375 kg/ha urea + 75 kg/ha UAN),the effects of shallow drip irrigation with reduced urea application combined with compared with CK treatment,N2U treatment did not reduce the yield of spring maize when the total nitrogen input was reduced by 25.12%.The total nitrogen input of N1U treatment decreased by 51.42%,and the yield decreased significantly.The total dry matter accumulation of N2U treatment was also significantly higher than that of CK treatment,and increased by 12.84%-16.40% and 6.05%-9.76% at silking stage and mature stage,respectively.Compared with CK,the total nitrogen accumulation in the mature stage increased by 20.55%-42.29%.N2U treatment did not reduce the yield of spring maize under the condition of 25.12% reduction of total nitrogen input,and it was a more reasonable fertilization mode of shallow buried drip irrigation for maize under the same soil fertility in the Xiliaohe plain.

Key words: Spring maize, Shallow buried drip irrigation, UAN, Xiliaohe plain, Nitrogen efficiency

邰继承, 韩镁琪, 杨恒山, 张玉芹, 马金慧, 郭晓旭. 浅埋滴灌下尿素减量配施UAN对春玉米干物质积累及氮效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(3): 136-144. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192659.

TAI Jicheng, HAN Meiqi, YANG Hengshan, ZHANG Yuqin, MA Jinhui, GUO Xiaoxu. Effects of Urea Reduction with UAN on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Efficiency of Spring Maize under Shallow Buried Drip Irrigation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(3): 136-144. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192659.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I3/136

图/表 8

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年份 Year	气象要素 Meteorological conditions	月份Month
年份 Year	气象要素 Meteorological conditions	5	6	7	8	9
2018	日照时数/h	289.1	236.3	137.5	192.5	242.6
	平均气温/℃	18.2	23.8	26.4	23.5	17.3
	降水量/mm	34.0	66.4	96.9	147.7	14.6
2019	日照时数/h	291.2	255.7	227.4	166.7	279.6
	平均气温/℃	19.0	21.8	25.6	22.4	19.4
	降水量/mm	90.1	88.7	56.6	130.2	9.2

年份 Year	气象要素 Meteorological conditions	月份Month
年份 Year	气象要素 Meteorological conditions	5	6	7	8	9
2018	日照时数/h	289.1	236.3	137.5	192.5	242.6
	平均气温/℃	18.2	23.8	26.4	23.5	17.3
	降水量/mm	34.0	66.4	96.9	147.7	14.6
2019	日照时数/h	291.2	255.7	227.4	166.7	279.6
	平均气温/℃	19.0	21.8	25.6	22.4	19.4
	降水量/mm	90.1	88.7	56.6	130.2	9.2

处理 Treatment	施氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	纯氮施量 /(kg/hm²) The amount of pure nitrogen	较CK1减氮/% Less nitrogen than CK1
N1U	225 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN	128.20	51.42
N2U	375 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN	197.60	25.12
CK1	570 kg/hm²尿素	263.90
CK2	不施氮	0

处理 Treatment	施氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	纯氮施量 /(kg/hm²) The amount of pure nitrogen	较CK1减氮/% Less nitrogen than CK1
N1U	225 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN	128.20	51.42
N2U	375 kg/hm²尿素+75 kg/hm²UAN	197.60	25.12
CK1	570 kg/hm²尿素	263.90
CK2	不施氮	0

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数/(万穗/hm²) Effective panicle number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	实测产量/(t/hm²) Measured yield
2018	N1U	7.17±0.05a	506.79±5.82a	354.55±12.81a	12.05±0.24b
	N2U	7.26±0.03a	508.49±7.43a	364.81±5.35a	12.79±0.30a
	CK1	7.23±0.09a	507.32±3.28a	362.61±3.74a	12.66±0.16a
	CK2	6.52±0.75b	453.28±4.13b	283.26±9.42b	8.47±0.27c
2019	N1U	7.19±0.08a	510.61±10.57a	366.84±13.33a	12.43±0.35b
	N2U	7.28±0.05a	511.53±9.41a	371.27±9.03a	13.18±0.19a
	CK1	7.25±0.13a	509.19±2.95a	367.13±6.44a	13.10±0.33a
	CK2	6.36±0.21b	443.99±11.02b	272.76±15.89b	8.01±1.06c

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