摘要：

为促进冬绿肥在华北地区进一步推广种植,采用田间长期定位试验,以冬季闲田为对照,设置了二月兰、毛叶苕子、黑麦草和冬油菜4个冬绿肥处理,研究不同冬绿肥对土壤有机磷磷素含量的变化及玉米磷吸收的影响。结果表明,不同冬绿肥处理在7 a间,土壤全磷、有效磷含量变化趋势相同,毛叶苕子相对其他处理增加土壤全磷最多,年均增长率达8.07%;冬油菜相对其他处理增加土壤有效磷含量最多,年均增长率达48.34%。不同冬绿肥与春玉米轮作对土壤中各形态有机磷含量影响不同,2019年,活性有机磷含量最高的是黑麦草处理和冬油菜处理,均为12.64 mg/kg;中等活性有机磷含量最高的是冬油菜处理,为41.64 mg/kg;中稳性有机磷含量最高的是黑麦草处理,为18.73 mg/kg;对于高稳性有机磷来说,冬油菜处理显著高于其他处理,二月兰、毛叶苕子和黑麦草处理显著低于冬闲和冬油菜处理;冬油菜与春玉米轮作可促进土壤中有机磷向活性及中等活性有机磷转化。冬绿肥翻压7 a后,冬油菜处理的玉米籽粒含磷量0.39 mg/kg为各处理中最高。玉米籽粒含磷量与各形态有机磷的相关系数大小依次为MLOP(0.952^**)>LOP(0.816^**)>MROP(0.122)>HROP(-0.064)。

关键词: 春玉米, 冬绿肥, 轮作, 有机磷形态, 有机磷有效性

Abstract:

In order to promote the planting of winter green manure in North China,a long-term field experiment was adopted,and the winter idle field was used as a control.Four winter green manure treatments were set up,Orychophragmus violaceus,Viciavilosa Roth,Lolium perenne L.and Brassica campestris L..The effects of different winter green fertilizers on soil organic phosphorus and phosphorus content and corn phosphorus absorption were studied.The results showed that in the past 7 years of different winter green manure treatments,the change trend of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus content was the same.Compared with other treatments,vetch increased the soil total phosphorus the most,with an average annual growth rate of 8.07%,winter rape increased soil availability compared with other treatments.The phosphorus content was the most,with an average annual growth rate of 48.34%.Different winter green manures and spring corn rotations had different effects on the organic phosphorus content of various forms in the soil.In 2019,the highest active organic phosphorus content was ryegrass treatment and winter rape treatment,both of which were 12.64 mg/kg;moderately active organic phosphorus content the highest was the winter rape treatment(41.64 mg/kg),the medium-stable organic phosphorus content was the highest in the ryegrass treatment(18.73 mg/kg),for the high-stability organic phosphorus,the winter rape treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The treatments of February orchid,vetch and ryegrass were significantly lower than the treatments of winter fallow and winter rape;the rotation of winter rape and spring maize could promote the conversion of organic phosphorus to active and medium active organic phosphorus in the soil.After 7 years of winter green manure,the phosphorus content(0.39 mg/kg)of corn kernels treated with winter rape was the highest among the treatments.The order of correlation coefficients between the phosphorus content of corn grains and various forms of organic phosphorus was MLOP(0.952^**)>LOP(0.816^**)>MROP(0.122)>HROP(-0.064).

Key words: Spring corn, Winter green manure, Rotation, Organic phosphorus form, Organic phosphorus availability