不同轮作模式对谷子生理生化指标和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192822

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为缓解谷子连作障碍,为优化谷子种植模式提供参考,以谷子连作(Si)为对照(CK),设置了谷子-玉米(Si-Zm)、谷子-马铃薯-玉米(Si-St-Zm)、谷子-玉米-大豆(Si-Zm-Gm)和谷子-大豆-马铃薯(Si-Gm-St)4种轮作模式,分析不同轮作模式对谷子关键生育期生理指标、光合特性、农艺性状、产量和白发病发病率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,Si-St-Zm、Si-Zm-Gm和Si-Gm-St这3种轮作模式下谷子旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性均显著增加,最大增幅分别为45.55 %,41.55 %和109.09 %;Si-Zm-Gm和Si-Gm-St轮作模式下谷子株高、茎粗、根长和根分枝数均显著增加,最大增幅分别为30.48%,30.50%,31.76%和13.79%;Si-Gm-St轮作模式下谷子旗叶H₂O₂和MDA含量均显著减少,最大减少幅度分别为18.78%和47.29%;气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素相对含量分别显著增加31.94%~101.43%,35.74%~234.00%,16.44%~46.97%和24.15%~66.16%,谷子穗长、千粒质量和产量分别显著增加14.90%,17.09%和10.58%,谷子白发病发病率显著降低12.33%。综上所述,与CK相比,Si-Gm-St模式下谷子旗叶SOD、POD和PPO活性显著增加,光合效率显著提高;谷子产量和抗病能力最高。因此,与Si-Zm、Si-St-Zm和Si-Zm-Gm轮作模式相比,Si-Gm-St轮作模式对缓解谷子连作障碍的效果最好。

关键词: 谷子, 轮作模式, 生理指标, 光合特性, 产量, 白发病, 发病率

Abstract:

In order to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of millet,provide a reference for optimizing millet planting mode,millet continuous cropping(Si)was named as control(CK),millet-corn(Si-Zm),millet-potato-corn(Si-St-Zm),millet-corn-soybean(Si-Zm-Gm)and millet-soybean-potato(Si-Gm-St)were used to analyze the effects of different rotation patterns on the physiological indicators,photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic characters,yield and downy mildew incidence rate during the critical millet growth periods.The results showed that compared with CK,in the Si-St-Zm,Si-Zm-Gm and Si-Gm-St rotation patterns,the activeness of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in millet flag leaves were significantly increased,with the largest increases of 45.55%,41.55% and 109.09%,respectively.In the Si-Zm-Gm and Si-Gm-St rotation patterns,millet plant height,stem thickness,root length and root branch number were significantly increased,with the largest increases of 30.48%,30.50%,31.76% and 13.79%, respectively.In addition,compared with CK,under the Si-Gm-St rotation system,the H₂O₂ and MDA content in the millet flag leaves were significantly decreased,with the maximum reductions of 18.78% and 47.29%, respectively;and the stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and relative chlorophyll content were significantly improved by 31.94%-101.43%,35.74%-234.00%,16.44%-46.97% and 24.15%-66.16%,respectively;with millet ear length,1000-grain weight and yield increased by 14.90%,17.09% and 10.58%,respectively;and millet downy mildew incidence rate significantly reduced by 12.33%.In short,compared with CK,the Si-Gm-St rotation system significantly increased the activeness of SOD,POD and PPO,and improved photosynthetic efficiency in millet flag leaves,meanwhile,the millet yield and disease resistance enhanced.Therefore,compared with Si-Zm,Si-St-Zm and Si-Zm-Gm rotation patterns,Si-Gm-St rotation system has the best effect on alleviating continuous cropping obstacles,which can provide a reference for optimizing millet planting system.

Key words: Millet, Rotation patterns, Physiological indicators, Agronomic characteristics, Yield, Downy mildew, Incidence rate

徐丽霞, 董雪, 张艾英, 郭二虎, 孙靓. 不同轮作模式对谷子生理生化指标和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(3): 68-76. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192822.

XU Lixia, DONG Xue, ZHANG Aiying, GUO Erhu, SUN Liang. Effects of the Different Rotation Patterns on Physiological and Biochemical Indicators and Yield of Millet's[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(3): 68-76. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192822.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I3/68

图/表 5

图1 不同轮作模式对谷子旗叶H₂O₂和 MDA含量的影响不同小写字母表示在0.05水平的差异显著。图2-4同。

Fig.1 Effect of different rotation patterns on H₂O₂and MDA contents of millet flag leaves Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level.The same as Fig.2-4.

图2 不同轮作模式对谷子旗叶抗氧化物酶的影响

Fig.2 Effect of different rotation patterns on antioxidative enzyme activities of millet flag leaves

图3 不同轮作模式对谷子旗叶光合指标的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different rotation patterns on photosynthetic parameters of millet flag leaves

图4 不同轮作模式对谷子旗叶农艺指标的影响

Fig.4 Effect of different rotation patterns on agronomic index of millet flag leaves

表1 不同轮作模式对谷子收获后穗长、千粒质量、产量和白发病发病率的影响

Tab.1 Effect of different rotation patterns on ear length,1000-grain quality,millet yield and millet white disease incidence rate

轮作模式 Rotation patterns	穗长/cm Ear length	千粒质量/g 1000-grain quality	产量/kg Yield	发病率/% Incidence rate
Si(CK)	21.00±1.38a	2.43±0.15a	3 096.83±141.22a	15.33±0.47c
Si-Zm	21.88±2.19a	2.47±0.21ab	3 366.83±19.04b	5.00±0.82b
Si-St-Zm	22.38±1.70a	2.78±0.16bc	3 784.63±228.35c	4.33±0.94ab
Si-Zm-Gm	21.75±1.07a	2.75±0.20c	3 881.87±106.63c	4.00±0.82ab
Si-Gm-St	24.13±1.11b	3.22±0.08d	4 292.41±125.98d	3.00±0.82a

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