摘要：

为了探讨化肥减量配施有机肥对西南地区青贮玉米产量、品质以及土样养分的影响,于2019,2020年以青贮玉米渝青386为研究对象,连续2 a分析了化肥减量配施有机肥对青贮玉米农艺、产量品质以及土壤养分含量和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理对青贮玉米产量影响达显著水平,有机肥和缓控肥混施处理产量最高,达55 084.75 kg/hm²,干物质产量达24 192.11 kg/hm²。缓控肥常量和缓控肥减量20%青贮玉米产量差异不显著,表明采用缓控肥可实现化学肥料减施20%。缓控肥常量处理下玉米植株氮、磷、钾积累量均为最大,分别为234.83,173.75,35.72 kg/hm²。缓控肥与有机肥混施处理下青贮玉米氮肥偏生产力最大为166.46 kg/kg,缓控肥减量20%处理下氮素吸收效率最高为0.80 kg/kg,说明有机肥和无机肥混施可以提高青贮玉米生产力。缓控肥与有机肥混施处理下青贮玉米粗脂肪含量最高,有机肥的施用可以提高青贮玉米粗脂肪含量,同时也增加了酸性洗涤纤维的含量。青贮玉米产量与脲酶、过氧化氢酶、有效磷含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.845,0.798,0.784。研究表明,在西南地区化肥减量配施有机肥能够显著提高青贮玉米产量和品质,减少化肥成本,增加农民收益,同时还有利于农田生态环境的保护和土壤肥力的可持续利用。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 产量, 品质, 缓控肥

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of silage corn and soil nutrient,in 2019 and 2020,the effects of fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer on agronomic traits,yield, quality,soil nutrient content and fertilizer utilization rate of silage corn were studied.As a result,the yield of silage corn was significantly affected by different fertilization treatments,and the yield of mixed application of organic fertilizer and slow control fertilizer reached 55 084.75 kg/ha,dry matter production reached 24 192.11 kg/ha.There was no significant difference in yield between slow controlled fertilizer constant and slow controlled fertilizer reduction of 20%,that was,excessive fertilization had no significant effect on yield.The accumulation of N,P and K under T2 treatment was 234.83,173.75,35.72 kg/ha,and significantly higher than other treatments.The maximum nitrogen fertilizer productivity of silage corn under T4 treatment was 166.46 kg/kg,and the maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under T1 treatment was 0.80 kg/kg,which indicated that the mixed application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could improve the productivity of silage corn.After T4 treatment,the crude fat content of silage corn was the highest,and the application of organic fertilizer could increase the crude fat content of silage corn,and also increase the content of acid washing fiber.The yield of silage maize was correlated with urease,catalase and available phosphorus content,the correlation coefficients were 0.845,0.798,0.784.The results showed that fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application in Southwest China could significantly improve the yield and quality of silage corn,which was beneficial to the protection of farmland ecological environment and the sustainable utilization of soil fertility.

Key words: Silage corn, Yield, Quality, Slow control fertilizer