不同水氮处理对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、品质及土壤硝态氮运移的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751736

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明不同水氮处理对设施膜下滴灌马铃薯块茎产量、品质及土壤硝态氮运移的影响，采用二因素三水平完全随机区组设计，分别设3个灌水处理（450，900，1 350 m³/hm²）和3个氮处理（150，225，300 kg/hm²）共计9个水氮组合处理，分别于收获期测定马铃薯产量、商品性、维生素C、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、硝酸盐含量及各生育期不同土层硝态氮含量。结果表明：马铃薯产量及商品率均随着施氮量和灌水量的增加，呈现抛物线趋势变化，在施氮量为225 kg/hm²，灌水量900 m³/hm²时达到最大，分别为35 299.9 kg/hm²和77.9%。在相同灌水量下，随着施氮水平的增加，维生素C、硝酸盐含量及块茎吸氮量明显增加，在相同施氮水平下，随着灌水量的增加硝酸盐含量和氮肥偏生产力显著降低；同时，可溶性蛋白、块茎吸氮量和氮收获指数呈抛物线变化趋势，且各灌水处理间差异显著。马铃薯各生育期各处理硝态氮含量均为表层土（0~20 cm）最高，且在0~100 cm剖面呈降低趋势，马铃薯苗期及块茎形成期是NO^-₃-N向土壤下层移动的主要时期。因此，在设施覆膜滴灌马铃薯种植施氮量应控制在225 kg/hm²，灌水量900 m³/hm²为宜。

关键词: 马铃薯, 滴灌, 产量, 品质, 硝态氮运移

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on potato tuber yield, quality and soil nitrate nitrogen transport in drip irrigation under plastic mulch, a two-factor and three-level complete randomized block design was adopted. Three irrigation treatments(450, 900, 1 350 m³/ha) and three nitrogen treatments(150, 225, 300 kg/ha) were set up respectively, and nine combinations of water and nitrogen were obtained. The yield, commodity, vitamin C, starch, soluble protein, soluble sugar and nitrate content of potato at harvest time, and the nitrate content at different growth stages and in soil layers were measured. The results showed that the yield and commodity rate of potatoes showed a parabolic trend with the increase of nitrogen application and irrigation amount, and reached the maximum of 35 299.9 kg/ha and 77.9%, respectively, at 225 kg/ha N and 900 m³/ha water. Under the same irrigation amount, with the increase of nitrogen application amount, Vc, nitrate content and tuber nitrogen uptake increased significantly. Under the same nitrogen application amount, nitrate content and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount. At the same time, soluble protein, tuber nitrogen uptake and nitrogen harvest index showed a parabolic trend, and there were significant differences among irrigation treatments. Nitrate nitrogen content in surface soil (0-20 cm) was the highest at all growth stages, and decreased in the 0-100 cm profile. The seedling stage and tuber formation stage of potatoes were the main periods for NO^-₃-N migration to the lower soil layer. Therefore, the nitrogen application rate for potato planting in drip irrigation with film mulching under facilities should be controlled at 225 kg/ha, 900 m³/ha.

Key words: Potato, Drip irrigation, Yield, Quality, Nitrate nitrogen transport

中图分类号:

S532
S143.1

商美新, 房增国, 梁斌, 王萌, 李俊良. 不同水氮处理对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、品质及土壤硝态氮运移的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6): 118-125. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751736.

SHANG Meixin, FANG Zengguo, LIANG Bin, WANG Meng, LI Junliang. Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Treatments on Potato Yield, Quality and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Transport under Drip Irrigation[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(6): 118-125. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751736.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I6/118

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