茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物对大穗型粳稻强、弱势粒灌浆与品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192227

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了提高大穗型粳稻的籽粒产量，改善稻米品质，以2个大穗型粳稻W1844和CJ03为材料，花前设置遮荫和疏行疏蘖处理改变抽穗期茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）贮存量，即T0（对照）、S1（遮光50%）、S2（遮光75%）、D1（每隔一行疏去整行水稻植株）、D2（在D1的基础上，将剩余行中每穴的分蘖疏去，只留主茎），探明抽穗期茎鞘NSC对大穗型粳稻结实特性、灌浆特征和品质的影响以及糖花比（抽穗期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物与颖花数之比）与产量及品质形成的关系。与T0相比，D1、D2处理显著提高抽穗期糖花比、弱势粒结实率和千粒质量，糖花比增加了47.84%~173.59%，弱势粒的结实率提高4.1~7.2百分点，千粒质量提高6.06%~14.29%。S1、S2处理显著降低抽穗期糖花比、弱势粒结实率和千粒质量，糖花比降低了33.28%~53.79%，弱势粒的结实率下降6.8~32.8百分点，千粒质量降低13.54%~45.02%。D2和S2处理对弱势粒灌浆前期的影响较大，D2处理弱势粒灌浆前期分别缩短了6.80，7.10 d，平均灌浆速率分别提高65.78%，61.15%；而S2处理弱势粒灌浆前期分别延长9.50，8.26 d，平均灌浆速率降低44.35%，43.28%。D2处理能够显著改善弱势粒稻米品质；而S2处理下弱势粒品质变劣。相关性分析表明，糖花比与弱势粒的结实率、千粒质量、加工品质和直链淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关，与弱势粒的垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著负相关。研究结果表明，增加抽穗期的糖花比可通过提高弱势粒灌浆前期的灌浆速率，从而提高弱势粒的结实率和千粒质量，进而改善水稻的品质。

关键词: 大穗型粳稻, 茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物, 灌浆特性, 稻米品质

Abstract: In order to improve grain yield and quality of large-panicle japonica rice, the two large-panicle japonica rice varieties, W1844 and CJ03 were grown in paddy field. The content of non-structural carbohydrate(NSC) in the stem and sheath before heading would be changed through the shading and removing tillering treatments, namely T0(control), S1(50% shading), S2(75% shading), D1(removing the whole row of rice plants in every other row), D2(removing the whole row of rice plants in every other row and the tillering of each hole, reserving only the main stem), to explore the effects of NSC on the grain-setting characteristics, grain filling characteristics and quality of superior and inferior spikelets in large-panicle japonica rice, and to clarify the correlation among carbohydrate-spikelet ratio(amount of non-structural carbohydrate in the stems and sheaths over the number of spikelets) with grains yield and quality formation. The results showed that D1 and D2 treatments significantly increased the carbohydrate-spikelet ratio at heading, filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of inferior spikelets. Compared with the T0, the carbohydrate-spikelet ratio was increased by 47.84%-173.59%, filled-grain percentage of inferior spikelets was increased by 4.1-7.2 percentage points and 1000-grain weight of inferior spikelets was increased by 6.06%-14.29%. The carbohydrate-spikelet ratio at heading, filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of inferior spikelets were significantly decreased under the S1 and S2 treatments. The carbohydrate-spikelet ratio was decreased by 33.28%-53.79%;filled-grain percentage of inferior spikelets was decreased by 6.8-32.8 percentage points and 1000-grain weight of inferior spikelets was decreased by 13.54%-45.02%. The D2 and S2 treatments significantly affected the early stage of filling for inferior spikelets. The filling time in the early stage for inferior spikelets was shortened by 6.80, 7.10 d under D2, respectively; and increased by 9.50, 8.26 d under S2, respectively. The mean grain-filling rate in the early stage for inferior spikelets was increased by 65.78%, 61.15% under D2, respectively; and decreased by 44.35%, 43.28% under S2, respectively. D2 treatments improved grain quality, while the S2 decreased grain quality. The correlation analysis indicated that carbohydrate-spikelet ratio had significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with filled-grain percentage, 1000-grain weight, processing quality and amylose content of inferior spikelet, and had significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation with chalkiness, chalkiness degree and protein content of inferior spikelet. Together, the results showed that carbohydrate-spikelet ratio at heading stage could increase the grain filling in the early stage for inferior spikelets to enhance the filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of inferior spikelet and improve rice quality.

Key words: Large-panicle japonica rice, Non-structural carbohydrate in the stem and sheath, Grain filling characteristics, Rice quality

中图分类号:

S511.01

唐益平, 李向峰, 王辉, 胡王琴, 任楚婷, 黄亚茹, 徐鹏, 尤翠翠, 柯健, 何海兵, 武立权. 茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物对大穗型粳稻强、弱势粒灌浆与品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(5): 107-117. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192227.

TANG Yiping, LI Xiangfeng, WANG Hui, HU Wangqin, REN Chuting, HUANG Yaru, XU Peng, YOU Cuicui, KE Jian, HE Haibing, WU Liquan. Effect of Non-structural Carbohydrate in Stem and Sheath on Grain Filling and Quality of Superior and Inferior Spikelets in Large-Panicle Japonica Rice[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(5): 107-117. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192227.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I5/107

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