摘要：

旨在研究不同磷钾肥施用方法对东北半干旱区滴灌玉米生长发育、磷钾养分吸收和利用及产量的影响,明确滴灌玉米磷钾滴施时期和次数,为东北半干旱区玉米磷钾滴灌施肥技术提供理论依据。2018—2019年在吉林松原,以翔玉998为试验材料,设置P0(不施磷处理)、K0(不施钾处理)、P1(磷肥100%基施、钾肥50%基施,50%钾肥分3次追施)、K1(钾肥100%基施、50%磷肥基施,50%磷肥分4次追施)、P1K1(磷钾肥100%基施处理)和P4K3(50%磷钾肥基施,剩余50%磷肥分4次追施、50%钾肥分3次追施)6个处理。结果表明:磷肥分次滴施(P4K3)处理与P1相比,玉米产量提高4.2%,成熟期干物质积累量提高6.8%(P<0.05),花后磷素积累增加33.3%(P<0.05),显著提高磷肥当季回收率21.6百分点和磷肥农学效率28.5%。钾肥分次滴施(P4K3)处理与钾肥一次基施(K1)处理相比,玉米产量提高3.5%,成熟期干物质积累量提高5.1%(P<0.05),钾肥当季回收率和钾肥农学效率分别显著提高了14.9百分点和53.5%;磷钾分次滴施处理与磷钾一次性基施相比,玉米产量提高5.0%,花后磷素吸收量增加26.3%,磷肥当季回收率和农学效率分别提高19.5百分点和32.6%;钾肥当季回收率和农学效率分别提高15.2百分点和95.5%。在滴灌条件下,磷钾肥分次滴施不仅有利于提高玉米产量,还可以促进花后养分吸收、提高养分利用率。综合考虑,磷钾分次滴施(P4K3)处理是较为适宜大田生产的滴灌施肥技术。

关键词: 玉米, 磷钾肥, 滴灌, 产量, 磷钾利用

Abstract:

This research studied the effects of different phosphorus and potassium fertilization methods on maize growth,nutrient uptake and utilization.It was determined suitable fertigation timings and frequencies of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,and to provide a theoretical basis for drip fertilization technology of maize with phosphorus and potassium in semi-arid areas of northeast China.A field experiment was conducted in 2018—2019,with Xiangyu 998 as a test material,six treatments were set up,P0 (No phosphorus fertilizer),K0 (No potassium fertilizer),P1(100% basal application of P fertilizer,50% basal application of K fertilizer,the other 50% fertigation three times),K1(100% basal application of K fertilizer,50% basal application of P fertilizer,the other 50% fertigation four times),P1K1(100% basal application of P and K fertilizer),and P4K3(50% basal application of P and K fertilizer,the other 50% P fertigation four times and the other 50% K fertigation three times).The results showed that compared with the P1 treatment,the P4K3 treatment increased maize yield by 4.2%,dry matter accumulation at maturity by 6.8% (P<0.05),post silking P accumulation by 33.3% (P<0.05),and significantly improved the P fertilizer recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 21.6 percentage points and 28.5%,respectively.Compared with the K1 treatment,the P4K3 treatment increased maize yield by 3.5%,dry matter accumulation at maturity by 5.1%,and significantly improved the K fertilizer recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 14.9 percentage points and 53.5%,respectively;compared with the single application of phosphorus and potassium treatment,maize yield was increased by 5.0%,the uptake of phosphorus after silking was increased by 26.3%,and P fertilizer recovery efficiency and P agronomic efficiency were increased by 19.5 percentage points and 32.6%,respectively;K fertilizer recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency increased by 15.2 percentage points and 95.5%,respectively.Fractional fertigation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could not only be beneficial to improve yield of maize,but also promote post-silking nutrient uptake and improve nutrient utilization under drip irrigation conditions.Comprehensive consideration,P4K3 treatment is a more suitable drip fertigation technique for field production.

Key words: Maize, Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, Drip irrigation, Yield, Phosphorus and potassium utilization