化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对芸豆碳氮代谢及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194362

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过探究化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对芸豆叶片碳氮代谢过程的影响,为东北地区芸豆种植及腐植酸肥料的应用提供理论依据。于黑龙江八一农垦大学安达试验基地,以芸豆品种白沙克为试验材料,在2021,2022年进行2 a田间试验。设置CF(常规化肥用量)、RF(常规化肥减量20%)、RFH1(常规化肥减量20%+45.0 kg/hm²腐植酸生物肥)、RFH2(常规化肥减量20%+67.5 kg/hm²腐植酸生物肥)、RFH3(常规化肥减量20%+90.0 kg/hm²腐植酸生物肥)、RFH4(常规化肥减量20%+112.5 kg/hm²腐植酸生物肥)6个处理,对芸豆整个生育时期进行碳、氮代谢及其产物的指标测定,在收获期测定芸豆产量及其构成因素。分析化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对碳代谢过程中蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)和氮代谢过程中硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性,分析碳氮代谢产物蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白的含量,明确腐植酸对芸豆的碳氮代谢情况的影响。结果表明,与CF处理相比,腐植酸生物肥的施用增加了芸豆叶片碳氮代谢相关酶系活性,增加了碳氮代谢产物含量,提高了芸豆产量。在生育时期内,RFH2处理的SS活性较CF处理显著增加9.5%~15.8%,RFH3处理的SPS活性较CF处理显著增加16.5%~38.1%,RFH3处理的AI活性较CF处理显著增加10.8%~25.5%,RFH2处理的NI活性增加14.0%~32.1%;配施腐植酸生物肥后,RFH2处理的NR和NiR活性较CF处理显著增加22.6%~50.1%和16.3%~19.8%,GOGAT活性较CF处理显著增加16.0%~35.7%,RFH3处理的GS活性较CF处理显著增加14.5%~44.1%。同时,配施腐植酸生物肥各处理中,RFH2处理使芸豆叶片中碳氮代谢产物蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白分别显著增加7.6%~9.3%,14.1%~26.8%,6.7%~10.5%和3.7%~8.8%,淀粉含量增加了0.8~1.3百分点。此外,腐植酸生物肥的施用能够增加芸豆的产量,RFH2处理的芸豆产量较CF处理显著增加24.8%(2021年)和21.5%(2022年)。化肥减量20%配施67.5 kg/hm²腐植酸生物肥(RFH2)处理能够增加芸豆叶片碳氮代谢相关酶系活性,增加叶片中碳氮代谢产物的积累,增加芸豆产量。

关键词: 芸豆, 化肥减量, 腐植酸生物肥, 碳氮代谢

Abstract:

By investigating the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer on the carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of kidney bean leaves,it provides a theoretical basis for the application of humic acid fertilizer for kidney beans in Northeast China.This trial was conducted at the Anda Experimental Base of Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University in Heilongjiang,using the kidney bean variety Baisak as the test material for two years of field trials in 2021 and 2022.There were six treatments:CF(conventional fertilizer application),RF(fertilizer reduction of 20%),RFH1(fertilizer reduction of 20%+45.0 kg/ha humic acid bio-fertilizer),RFH2(fertilizer reduction of 20%+67.5 kg/ha humic acid bio-fertilizer),RFH3(fertilizer reduction of 20%+90.0 kg/ha humic acid bio-fertilizer),RFH4(fertilizer reduction of 20%+112.5 kg/ha humic acid bio-fertilizer).The experiment was conducted to determine the indicators of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and their products throughout the reproductive period of kidney bean,and to determine the yield of kidney bean and its constituent factors at the harvesting stage.The activities of sucrose synthase(SS),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),acidic invertase(AI),neutral invertase(NI)in carbon metabolism and nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),glutamate synthase(GOGAT)and glutamine synthetase(GS)in nitrogen metabolism were analyzed by fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer,and the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolites sucrose,soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein.To determine the effect of humic acid on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of kidney bean.The results showed that the application of humic acid bio-fertilizer increased the activity of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in kidney bean leaves,increased the content of carbon and nitrogen metabolites and improved the yield of kidney bean compared with CF treatment.During the reproductive period,SS activity of RFH2 treatment was significantly increased by 9.5%—15.8% compared to CF treatment.RFH3 treatment significantly increased the SPS activity by 16.5%—38.1% compared to CF treatment.The AI activity of RFH3 treatment was significantly increased by 10.8%—25.5% compared to CF treatment.RFH2 treatment increased NI activity by 14.0%—32.1%.With the application of humic acid bio-fertilizer,NR and NiR activities were significantly increased by 22.6%—50.1% and 16.3%—19.8%,and GOGAT activities were significantly increased by 16.0%—35.7% in the RFH2 treatment compared to the CF treatment.RFH3 treatment significantly increased the GS activity by 14.5%—44.1% compared to CF treatment.Meanwhile,among the treatments with humic acid bio-fertilizer,RFH2 treatment significantly increased the carbon and nitrogen metabolites sucrose,soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein in kidney bean leaves by 7.6%—9.3%,14.1%—26.8%,6.7%—10.5% and 3.7%—8.8%,respectively and the starch content significanthy increased by 0.8—1.3 percentage points.In addition,the application of humic acid bio-fertilizer was able to increase the yield of kidney bean,with a significant increase of 24.8%(2021)and 21.5%(2022)in the RFH2 treatment compared to the CF treatment.The treatment of 20% reduction in conventional chemical fertilizer application with 67.5 kg/ha of humic acid bio-fertilizer(RFH2)could increase the activity of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in kidney bean leaves,increase the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in leaves,and increase the yield of kidney bean.

Key words: Kidney bean, Fertilizer reduction, Humic acid bio-fertilizer, Carbon-nitrogen metabolism

孔德庸, 邢力文, 韦娜, 王诗雅, 孙光旭, 刘莹, 王欣怡, 郭伟, 孙海燕. 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对芸豆碳氮代谢及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(6): 144-155. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194362.

KONG Deyong, XING Liwen, WEI Na, WANG Shiya, SUN Guangxu, LIU Ying, WANG Xinyi, GUO Wei, SUN Haiyan. Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Humic Acid Bio-fertilizer on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Kidney Bean[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(6): 144-155. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194362.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I6/144

图/表 7

表1 耕层土壤基本理化性状

Tab.1 Basic physical and chemical properties of cultivated soils

年份 Year	pH	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	碱解氮/(mg/kg) Alkaline N	有效磷/(mg/kg) Active P	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K	容重/(g/cm³) Capacity
2021	8.08	28.9	175.0	60.3	214.0	1.47
2022	8.00	24.0	98.4	29.3	258.0	1.30

表2 试验设计及施肥量

Tab.2 Experimental design and fertilizer dosage kg/hm²

处理 Treatments	磷酸二铵 Diammonium phosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate	腐植酸生物肥 Humic acid bio-fertilizer
CF	150.0	75.0	0.0
RF	120.0	60.0	0.0
RFH1	120.0	60.0	45.0
RFH2	120.0	60.0	67.5
RFH3	120.0	60.0	90.0
RFH4	120.0	60.0	112.5

图1 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对碳代谢酶活性的影响不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—5同。

Fig.1 Effect of chemical fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer on the activity of carbon metabolism enzymes Different small letters indicate significant(P<0.05)differences among treatments at the same period.The same as Fig.2—5.

图2 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对碳代谢产物的影响

Fig.2 Effect of fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer on carbon metabolites

图3 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对氮代谢酶活性的影响

Fig.3 Effect of chemical fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer on the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzyme

图4 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对氮代谢产物的影响

Fig.4 Effect of fertilizer reduction with humic acid bio-fertilizer on nitrogen metabolites

图5 化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对芸豆产量的影响

Fig.5 Effects of fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid bio-fertilizer on yield of kidney bean

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