摘要： 为明确西北高原松花菜生产区化肥减量、高产、稳产的最佳施肥方式。以力禾青梗100天松花菜为试材，共设6个施肥处理，分别为不施肥（CK1）、当地常规施肥（CK2）、化肥减量30%平衡施肥（T1）、化肥减量30%平衡施肥+生物有机肥3 000（T2），6 000（T3），12 000 kg/hm²（T4）。与CK2处理相比，T1处理松花菜经济产量降低3.8%，磷肥利用率由3.7%提高至11.4%；T2、T3、T4处理经济产量分别显著提高了9.5%，11.3%，18.8%，且干物质及养分积累量、花球中养分分配比例均提高。与CK2相比，T2、T3、T4处理成熟期干物质积累量分别增加0.5%，8.3%，7.2%，氮素积累量分别提高9.1%，19.7%，19.1%，磷素积累量分别提高3.1%，12.1%，11.9%，钾素积累量分别提高2.4%，11.2%，10.9%，其中T3和T4处理均达到显著差异水平（P <0.05）；此外，相比CK2处理，化肥减量配施生物有机肥明显提高磷、钾肥利用率，T3、T4处理磷肥利用率从3.7%分别增加到26.0%，25.9%，钾肥利用率从43.5%分别增加到73.4%，72.9%。化肥减量30%配施适量的生物有机肥能够促进松花菜养分的吸收积累及合理分配，提高肥料利用率，进而增加产量。

关键词: 松花菜, 化肥减量, 生物有机肥, 养分吸收与分配, 产量

Abstract: To determine the best method of fertilizer reduction,high yield and stable yield in the production area of cauliflower in Northwest Plateau.The Lihe Green stem 100 days cauliflower was used as material,six treatments were set as follows:the non-fertilization(CK1) and conventional fertilization(CK2) as control;chemical fertilizer reduction by 30% added balanced fertilizer(T1);chemical fertilizer reduction by 30% added balanced fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer 3 000(T2), 6 000(T3),12 000 kg/ha (T4).Compared with CK2 treatment,the economic yield of cauliflower decreased by 3.8%,and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer increased from 3.7% to 11.4% in treatment T1;the economic yield of T2,T3 and T4 increased by 9.5%,11.3%,18.8%,respectively. Meanwhile,the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients,and the each element distribution proportion in flower ball were increased. Compared with CK2,T2,T3 and T4 treatments increased dry matter accumulation by 0.5%,8.3% and 7.2%,nitrogen accumulation by 9.1%,19.7% and 19.1%,phosphorus accumulation by 3.1%, 12.1% and 11.9%,and potassium accumulation by 2.4%,11.2% and 10.9%,respectively. Among them,T3 and T4 treatments were significantly different(P < 0.05). In addition,compared with CK2,chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biological organic fertilizer significantly increased the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased from 3.7% to 26% and 25.9%,and that of potassium fertilizer increased from 43.5% to 73.4% and 72.9%,respectively.Chemical fertilizer reduction by 30% added appropriate amount of biological organic fertilizer could promote the absorption,accumulation and rational distribution of nutrients on cauliflower,improve the fertilizer utilization rate,and then increase the yield.

Key words: Cauliflower, Reduced fertilizer application, Biological organic fertilizer, Nutrition absorption and distribution, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S635.3

• S143