&#x0201c;5416&#x0201d;配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192999

华北农学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 105-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192999

所属专题： 葡萄；土壤肥料；果树专题；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

“5416”配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响

王小龙¹^,²^,³, 张正文⁴, 邵学东⁴, 钟晓敏⁴, 王福成⁵, 史祥宾¹^,²^,³, 张艺灿¹^,²^,³, 王海波¹^,²^,³^,

¹ 中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城 125100
² 农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100
³ 辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100
⁴ 君顶酒庄有限公司,山东蓬莱 265600
⁵ 烟台市蓬莱区葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展服务中心,山东蓬莱 265600

收稿日期:2022-07-15 出版日期:2022-10-28
通讯作者:
王海波(1978—),男,山东潍坊人,研究员,硕士,主要从事果树栽培与生理和果园机械化研究。
作者简介:
王小龙(1989—),男,吉林梅河口人,博士,主要从事果树栽培与生理研究。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000204); 中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04); 财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp)

Effects of "5416" Formula Fertilization on the Content of Mineral Elements and Fruit Polyphenols in Merlot Grapes

WANG Xiaolong¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Zhengwen⁴, SHAO Xuedong⁴, ZHONG Xiaomin⁴, WANG Fucheng⁵, SHI Xiangbin¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Yican¹^,²^,³, WANG Haibo¹^,²^,³^,

¹ Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,China
² Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100,China
³ Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,China
⁴ Junding Winery Co.,Ltd., Penglai 265600,China
⁵ Grape and Wine Industry Development Service Center, Penglai District,Yantai City,Penglai 265600,China

Received:2022-07-15 Published:2022-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在为梅乐葡萄优质生产和精准施肥提供理论基础,通过对各生育期、不同组织部位矿质元素含量的测定,并依据果实酚类物质所形成的品质指数进行营养诊断分析。利用Topsis分析法,计算果实酚类物质的综合品质指数,即CI值,通过比较不同生育期各组织各矿质元素含量与CI值的相关性,确定营养诊断因子;采用CND法对高优品质指数的果园进行划分,对低优果园进行营养诊断。结果表明,蓬莱产区梅乐葡萄叶片、叶柄与果实各矿质元素间存在显著的协同与拮抗关系。转色期果实N、成熟期果实P、转色期果实K、转色期叶片Ca、盛花期花序Mg、转色期果实Fe、盛花期叶片Mn、成熟期果实Zn、盛花期叶柄Cu、转色期叶柄B、盛花期叶片Mo被选为植株营养诊断因子。高优园的品质指数拐点值为0.735 5,其中有7个果园满足此条件,占总体样本的14.58%。依据高优园植株矿质元素含量范围确定营养诊断因子的适宜值分别为:N(8.85~11.81)mg/g、P(1.98~4.26)mg/g、K(14.97~20.70)mg/g、Ca(35.57~68.83)mg/g、Mg(3.69~15.51)mg/g、Fe(70.96~103.26)mg/kg、Mn(166.20~277.67)mg/kg、Zn(10.71~20.27)mg/kg、Cu(9.54~14.90)mg/kg、B(11.44~17.07)mg/kg、Mo(0.69~1.60)mg/kg。低优园营养诊断表明,其植株的K、Ca、Mn、Mg表现偏低。以获得最高果实品质指数为目标,每公顷建议施肥量分别为N 62.25 kg、P₂O₅ 46.50 kg、K₂O 0.00 kg、CaO 56.25 kg、MgO 46.50 kg。Ca和Mg肥施应采用少量多次的原则;加强果园水肥管理,提高树体对K元素吸收;通过叶面喷施,适当补充缺乏的Mn元素。

关键词: 梅乐葡萄, CND, 品质指数, 营养诊断, 营养状况

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality production and precise fertilization of Merlot grapes,through the determination of the mineral element content of each growth and different tissue parts,and the nutritional diagnosis and analysis based on the quality index formed by the phenolic substances in the fruit.The comprehensive quality index of fruit phenolics,namely CI value,was calculated by Topsis analysis method.By comparing the correlation between content of various mineral elements in different growth stages/ tissues and CI value,the nutritional diagnostic factors are determined.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality production and precise fertilization of Merlot grapes,high-CI vineyards were classified by CND method.The results showed that there was a significant synergistic and antagonistic relationship among the mineral elements in the leaves,petioles and fruits of the Merlot grapes.VS_F_N,MS_F_P,VS_F_K,VS_L_Ca,FBS_F_Mg,VS_F_Fe,FBS_L_Mn,MS_F_Zn,FBS_P_Cu,VS_P_B,FBS_L_Mo were selected as plant nutrition diagnostic factors.The quality index inflection point value of high-CI vineyards was 0.735 5,of which 7 orchards met this condition,accounting for 14.58% of the overall sample.According to the mineral element content range of Merlot plant within high-CI vineyards,the appropriate values of nutritional diagnostic factors were:N(8.85—11.81)mg/g,P(1.98—4.26)mg/g,K(14.97—20.70)mg/g,Ca(35.57—68.83)mg/g,Mg(3.69—15.51)mg/g,Fe(70.96—103.26)mg/kg,Mn(166.20—277.67)mg/kg,Zn(10.71—20.27)mg/kg,Cu(9.54—14.90)mg/kg,B(11.44—17.07)mg/kg,Mo(0.69—1.60)mg/kg.The nutritional diagnosis of high-CI vineyards showed that the K,Ca,Mn,and Mg in Merlot plants were on the low side.The obtain the highest fruit quality index as the goal,the recommended fertilizer rates per hectare were N 62.25 kg,P₂O₅ 46.50 kg,K₂O 0.00 kg,CaO 56.25 kg,and MgO 46.50 kg.Ca and Mg fertilizers should be applied in small amounts and multiple times;we should strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in the orchard to increase the absorption of K element by the tree.Through foliar spraying,the lack of Mn elements can be appropriately supplemented.

Key words: Merlot grapes, CND, CI, Nutritional diagnosis, Nutritional status

王小龙, 张正文, 邵学东, 钟晓敏, 王福成, 史祥宾, 张艺灿, 王海波. “5416”配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(5): 105-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192999.

WANG Xiaolong, ZHANG Zhengwen, SHAO Xuedong, ZHONG Xiaomin, WANG Fucheng, SHI Xiangbin, ZHANG Yican, WANG Haibo. Effects of "5416" Formula Fertilization on the Content of Mineral Elements and Fruit Polyphenols in Merlot Grapes[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(5): 105-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192999.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I5/105

图/表 7

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	Wang S. Floral nutrient diagnosis for potassium nutrition status of Citrus trees[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2016.
[33]	陈华, 吕涛, 马兴旺, 吐尔逊·古力, 杨丽琴, 何生丽. 葡萄植株营养诊断与平衡施肥调节技术研究应用[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2003, 40(6):321-323.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4330.2003.06.001. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4330.2003.06.001
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	Zhao Y, Fan S T, Liu Y X, Wang C W, Ai J, Yang Y M, Lü H Y. Study on reasons of Amur grape leaf chlorosis in Ji' an based on nutrient diagnosis method[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2015, 37(6):682-686,693.
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	Wang S P. Utilization of leaves and petioles in grape nutrition diagnosis[J]. Shanxi Fruits, 1983(2):59-60.
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处理 Treatment	因素
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO
T1	1	1	1	1	1
T2	1	2	2	2	2
T3	1	3	3	3	3
T4	1	4	4	4	4
T5	2	1	2	3	4
T6	2	2	1	4	3
T7	2	3	4	1	2
T8	2	4	3	2	1
T9	3	1	3	4	2
T10	3	2	4	3	1
T11	3	3	1	2	4
T12	3	4	2	1	3
T13	4	1	4	2	3
T14	4	2	3	1	4
T15	4	3	2	4	1
T16	4	4	1	3	2

处理 Treatment	因素
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO
T1	1	1	1	1	1
T2	1	2	2	2	2
T3	1	3	3	3	3
T4	1	4	4	4	4
T5	2	1	2	3	4
T6	2	2	1	4	3
T7	2	3	4	1	2
T8	2	4	3	2	1
T9	3	1	3	4	2
T10	3	2	4	3	1
T11	3	3	1	2	4
T12	3	4	2	1	3
T13	4	1	4	2	3
T14	4	2	3	1	4
T15	4	3	2	4	1
T16	4	4	1	3	2

年份 Year	分布范围 Distribution range	皮花色苷/(mg/g) Skin anthocyanins	皮单宁/(mg/g) Skin tannin	籽单宁/(mg/g) Seed tannin	品质指数 CI
2018	最小值	1.66(T12)	0.65(T1)	0.08(T1)	0.09(T1)
	最大值	4.15(T10)	2.48(T13)	4.10(T13)	0.44(T13)
	平均值	2.58±0.73b	1.79±0.47a	1.65±1.02b	0.31±0.09b
2019	最小值	1.79(T12)	0.76(T12)	0.31(T5)	0.23(T5)
	最大值	4.42(T16)	3.22(T2)	12.73(T15)	0.79(T8)
	平均值	3.16±0.68a	1.93±0.74a	5.85±3.78a	0.51±0.16a
2020	最小值	1.10(T2)	0.46(T9)	1.65(T1)	0.12(T2)
	最大值	3.55(T11)	3.10(T12)	12.26(T11)	0.88(T11)
	平均值	2.28±0.80b	1.63±0.91a	7.09±3.67a	0.48±0.24a

年份 Year	分布范围 Distribution range	皮花色苷/(mg/g) Skin anthocyanins	皮单宁/(mg/g) Skin tannin	籽单宁/(mg/g) Seed tannin	品质指数 CI
2018	最小值	1.66(T12)	0.65(T1)	0.08(T1)	0.09(T1)
	最大值	4.15(T10)	2.48(T13)	4.10(T13)	0.44(T13)
	平均值	2.58±0.73b	1.79±0.47a	1.65±1.02b	0.31±0.09b
2019	最小值	1.79(T12)	0.76(T12)	0.31(T5)	0.23(T5)
	最大值	4.42(T16)	3.22(T2)	12.73(T15)	0.79(T8)
	平均值	3.16±0.68a	1.93±0.74a	5.85±3.78a	0.51±0.16a
2020	最小值	1.10(T2)	0.46(T9)	1.65(T1)	0.12(T2)
	最大值	3.55(T11)	3.10(T12)	12.26(T11)	0.88(T11)
	平均值	2.28±0.80b	1.63±0.91a	7.09±3.67a	0.48±0.24a

组织_元素 Tissue_Element
叶片_氮	L_N	0.110	-0.188^*	0.661^**	-0.689^**	0.052	-0.328^**	-0.832^**	-0.445^**	-0.829^**	0.107	0.110
叶片_磷	L_P	-0.006	-0.095	0.085	-0.386^**	-0.188^*	-0.031	-0.350^**	-0.272^**	-0.365^**	-0.040	-0.153
叶片_钾	L_K	0.191^*	0.206^*	-0.136	0.131	-0.031	0.243^**	0.235^**	0.141	0.093	0.101	-0.152
叶片_钙	L_Ca	-0.556^**	-0.289^**	0.280^**	-0.694^**	-0.064	-0.640^**	-0.745^**	-0.681^**	-0.605^**	-0.156	0.042
叶片_镁	L_Mg	-0.304^**	-0.020	0.368^**	-0.537^**	-0.025	-0.459^**	-0.570^**	-0.461^**	-0.521^**	0.102	0.135
叶片_铁	L_Fe	-0.049	0.002	0.438^**	-0.603^**	-0.002	-0.298^**	-0.652^**	-0.488^**	-0.703^**	0.136	-0.067
叶片_锰	L_Mn	-0.642^**	-0.475^**	0.190^*	-0.787^**	-0.155	-0.695^**	-0.827^**	-0.799^**	-0.647^**	-0.254^**	-0.065
叶片_锌	L_Zn	-0.380^**	-0.450^**	0.172^*	-0.759^**	-0.163	-0.397^**	-0.788^**	-0.735^**	-0.692^**	-0.203^*	-0.178^*
叶片_铜	L_Cu	-0.706^**	-0.331^**	-0.046	-0.511^**	-0.150	-0.590^**	-0.528^**	-0.659^**	-0.336^**	-0.197^*	-0.001
叶片_硼	L_B	0.433^**	0.319^**	0.431^**	0.021	0.188^*	0.167^*	-0.001	0.198^*	-0.140	0.291^**	-0.066
叶片_钼	L_Mo	-0.050	-0.119	-0.163	0.036	-0.072	0.098	0.101	-0.030	0.157	-0.150	-0.202^*
叶柄_氮	P_N	0.505^**	0.141	0.733^**	-0.329^**	0.190^*	-0.030	-0.476^**	0.008	-0.584^**	0.307^**	0.222^**
叶柄_磷	P_P	0.358^**	0.377^**	-0.037	0.325^**	0.086	0.412^**	0.334^**	0.326^**	0.281^**	0.265^**	0.025
叶柄_钾	P_K	0.084	0.248^**	0.234^**	0.108	0.129	-0.042	0.098	0.087	0.109	0.225^**	-0.011
叶柄_钙	P_Ca	-0.797^**	-0.411^**	-0.450^**	-0.243^**	-0.297^**	-0.498^**	-0.142	-0.462^**	0.043	-0.498^**	-0.173^*
叶柄_镁	P_Mg	-0.717^**	-0.285^**	-0.434^**	-0.149	-0.301^**	-0.455^**	-0.052	-0.322^**	0.117	-0.446^**	-0.067
叶柄_铁	P_Fe	0.219^**	0.114	0.049	0.013	0.076	0.220^**	-0.024	0.002	-0.094	0.070	-0.090
叶柄_锰	P_Mn	-0.472^**	-0.224^**	-0.590^**	0.305^**	-0.145	-0.067	0.429^**	0.092	0.545^**	-0.357^**	-0.030
叶柄_锌	P_Zn	-0.275^**	-0.269^**	-0.465^**	0.283^**	-0.077	0.022	0.301^**	0.138	0.401^**	-0.323^**	0.098
叶柄_铜	P_Cu	-0.426^**	-0.010	-0.441^**	0.305^**	-0.067	-0.044	0.419^**	0.070	0.663^**	-0.049	-0.033
叶柄_硼	P_B	0.605^**	0.512^**	0.112	0.508^**	0.231^**	0.505^**	0.512^**	0.623^**	0.345^**	0.553^**	0.214^**
叶柄_钼	P_Mo	-0.242^**	-0.463^**	0.167^*	-0.428^**	-0.063	-0.290^**	-0.514^**	-0.369^**	-0.314^**	-0.266^**	0.060

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“5416”配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响

Effects of "5416" Formula Fertilization on the Content of Mineral Elements and Fruit Polyphenols in Merlot Grapes

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元素 Element	花序/果实 Inflorescence/fruit						叶片 Leaves						叶柄 Petioles
元素 Element	盛花期 FBS_F		转色期 VS_F		成熟期 MS_F		盛花期 FBS_L		转色期 VS_L		成熟期 MS_L		盛花期 FBS_P		转色期 VS_P		成熟期 MS_P
氮 N	0.147	-0.500^**		-0.409^**		0.339^*		0.426^**		0.422^**		0.359^*		0.326^*		0.196
磷 P	0.450^**	-0.259		-0.459^**		0.232		-0.072		0.250		-0.132		-0.349^*		-0.362^*
钾 K	0.406^**	0.461^**		0.172		-0.197		-0.278		0.046		0.132		-0.109		-0.379^**
钙 Ca	0.162	-0.366^*		-0.435^**		0.303^*		0.523^**		0.388^**		-0.030		0.096		0.178
镁 Mg	0.434^**	0.155		-0.141		0.228		0.376^**		0.339^*		-0.101		0.003		0.219
铁 Fe	-0.457^**	-0.534^**		-0.331^*		0.152		0.464^**		0.319^*		-0.072		-0.087		-0.157
锰 Mn	-0.395^**	-0.448^**		-0.443^**		0.491^**		0.463^**		0.485^**		-0.239		-0.334^*		-0.189
锌 Zn	0.409^**	-0.427^**		-0.440^**		-0.062		0.330^*		0.396^**		-0.159		-0.346^*		-0.261
铜 Cu	0.240	-0.450^**		-0.449^**		-0.457^**		0.367^*		0.333^*		-0.488^**		-0.422^**		-0.045
硼 B	0.458^**	-0.214		-0.149		0.212		-0.087		-0.153		-0.081		-0.543^**		-0.241
钼 Mo	0.336^*	0.222		-0.251		-0.345^*		-0.027		0.066		0.160		-0.133		0.194

元素 Element	高优园组 High-quality group (n=7)				低优园组 Low-quality group (n=41)
元素 Element	平均值/ (mg/g) Mean	变异系数/% CV	最小值/ (mg/g) Min	最大值/ (mg/g) Max	平均值/ (mg/g) Mean	变异系数/% CV
氮 N	10.19±0.91b	8.91	8.85	11.81	14.14±4.99a	35.30
磷 P	3.17±1.05b	33.10	1.98	4.26	5.48±2.24a	40.82
钾 K	17.76±1.96a	11.03	14.97	20.70	13.44±4.17b	31.00
钙 Ca	53.24±12.64a	23.74	35.57	68.83	30.60±20.02b	65.41
镁 Mg	7.07±4.14a	58.56	3.69	15.51	3.84±1.00b	25.99
铁 Fe	89.56±12.74b	14.22	70.96	103.26	219.40±155.92a	71.06
锰 Mn	207.00±37.72a	18.22	166.20	277.67	154.70±60.42b	39.06
锌 Zn	13.10±3.38a	25.84	10.71	20.27	29.70±23.50a	79.11
铜 Cu	11.76±1.90a	16.13	9.54	14.90	15.04±4.52a	30.03
硼 B	14.19±1.77b	12.50	11.44	17.07	21.02±6.24a	29.71
钼 Mo	1.10±0.34a	30.80	0.69	1.60	1.25±0.42a	33.21

项目 Item	参数 Parameter
品质指标 Quality index	CI
影响力排序 Element rank	N>P>Mg>K>Ca
最佳理论配比 Element ratio	N2P3K1Ca2Mg3
施肥建议	减施N肥、Ca肥;
Fertilization recommendations	平衡P肥、Mg肥;不施K肥
氮肥/(kg/hm²)N	62.25
磷肥/(kg/hm²)P₂O₅	46.50
钾肥/(kg/hm²)K₂O	0.00
钙肥/(kg/hm²)CaO	56.25
镁肥/(kg/hm²)MgO	46.50

[1]	杨晓燕, 赵锴源, 郑洪健, 程霞. 植物钾营养利用及性状遗传研究进展[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 275-282.
[2]	陈志强, 李絮花, 赵庚星, 朱希存. 山东栖霞市红富士苹果花样营养诊断研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(S1): 220-224.
[3]	贾良良, 陈新平, 张福锁. 叶绿素仪与植株硝酸盐浓度测试对冬小麦氮营养诊断准确性的比较研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(6): 157-160.
[4]	段泽敏, 王贤萍, 牛自勉. 落叶果树叶片营养模糊诊断法研究[J]. 华北农学报, 1994, 9(1): 68-74.
[5]	邢金铭, 侯文强, 翁莉萍, 江波. 雪花梨果树叶分析营养诊断研究[J]. 华北农学报, 1987, 2(4): 126-133.

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“5416”配方施肥对梅乐葡萄矿质元素和果实酚类物质含量的影响

Effects of "5416" Formula Fertilization on the Content of Mineral Elements and Fruit Polyphenols in Merlot Grapes

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