植物钾营养利用及性状遗传研究进展

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192714

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钾是植物需要的大量元素之一,钾元素对植物的生长发育起着重要的作用,但农业生产中存在钾肥使用量不足和利用率不高的问题。该研究分析了自1965年以来国内外钾营养的研究论文,梳理形成以下5个方面的内容。第一,概述了钾的概况、在我国的分布问题和钾资源的缺乏问题;第二,总结了钾的营养功能,提高抗逆性、提高产量和品质等三大功能;第三,介绍了钾素营养诊断的概念、原则、实施方法,强调了钾素营养诊断的重要性,并对近年钾素营养诊断的研究现状进行分析和总结;第四,先后对钾的吸收部位、影响植物吸收钾的因素以及植物运输钾的途径和方法进行描述,并对钾元素如何在植物体内发挥作用的几个典型理论体系进行论述;第五,重点分析了钾营养的性状遗传的相关研究,一方面,总结了钾营养的遗传学特征(植物的钾营养基因型的差异性是受遗传控制的;植物的钾营养性状既受单基因的控制也受多基因的遗传),另一方面,概况了近期钾营养遗传在分子水平上的相关研究,发现钾营养性状遗传在分子层次上的相关研究集中在基因水平和蛋白水平两方面。总而言之,从钾素的概况及其重要作用、钾素营养诊断、钾的吸收与转运和钾营养的性状遗传5个方面综述了近年来植物钾营养利用及性状研究的状况,提出利用现代生物技术和植物耐低钾的遗传特性来改良、培育新品种的观点。

关键词: 钾, 钾营养, 钾营养利用, 营养诊断, 性状遗传

Abstract:

Potassium is one of the large amount of elements needed by plants. Potassium plays an important role in plant growth and development. However,there are problems of insufficient and low utilization rate of potassium fertilizer in agricultural production. It analyzed the research papers on potassium nutrition at home and abroad since 1965,and summarized the following five aspects. Firstly,it summarized the general situation of potassium,it summarized the general situation of potassium, distribution problem and lack of potassium resource in our country. Secondly,the nutritional function,stress resistance,yield and quality of potassium were summarized.Thirdly,the concept,principle and implementation method of potassium nutrition diagnosis were introduced,the importance of potassium nutrition diagnosis was emphasized,and the research status of potassium nutrition diagnosis in recent years was analyzed and summarized.Fourthly,the position of potassium absorption,the factors affecting potassium absorption and the ways and methods of potassium transport in plants are described successively,and several typical theoretical systems of how potassium plays a role in plants were discussed.Fifth,it focused on the genetic research of potassium nutrition. On the one hand,it summarized the genetic characteristics of potassium nutrition(the difference of plant potassium nutrition genotype is controlled by heredity;Potassium nutrition traits in plants are controlled by both single gene and multiple genes). On the other hand,recent studies on potassium nutrition heredity at molecular level were summarized. It was found that the studies on potassium nutrition heredity at molecular level focus on gene level and protein level. To sum up,summarizing the research status of potassium nutrition utilization and traits in plants in recent years from five aspects:the general situation and important role of potassium,diagnosis of potassium nutrition,absorption and transport of potassium,and heredity of traits of potassium nutrition. It is suggested to improve and breed new varieties by using modern biotechnology and the genetic characteristics of plants with low potassium tolerance.

Key words: Potassium, Potassium nutrition, Potassium nutrient utilization, Nutritional diagnosis, Characteristics of the genetic

杨晓燕, 赵锴源, 郑洪健, 程霞. 植物钾营养利用及性状遗传研究进展[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 275-282. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192714.

YANG Xiaoyan, ZHAO Kaiyuan, ZHENG Hongjian, CHENG Xia. Advances in Studies on Potassium Nutrient Utilization and Trait Inheritance in Plants[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 275-282. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192714.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/275

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