摘要： 为了解高油酸花生的养分吸收和利用规律，以高油酸花生品种和普通花生品种为研究对象，在整个生育期内取样，测定花生各部位干物质量和养分含量、计算各生育时期氮、磷、钾养分积累量，明确高油酸花生干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分吸收、利用规律，为指导花生生产提供理论依据。结果表明：高油酸花生的整个植株及不同器官干物质积累变化规律与普通花生基本一致，呈先升高后降低趋势，但高油酸花生根系干物质量高于普通花生，而茎叶则相反，总干物质量显著低于普通花生约6.86%。高油酸花生与普通花生氮、磷、钾的吸收积累趋势一致，氮、磷二者的积累自出苗至荚果成熟期呈直线上升，最终收获时稍有下降；而钾至花期（播后69 d）达到最大值，后趋于平缓。不同器官氮、磷、钾积累趋势也大致相同，但高油酸花生根系的氮、磷、钾积累量显著高于普通花生。花生全生育期氮、磷、钾的需求量表现为氮>钾>磷。播后39 d，氮磷钾平均需求量分别为54.57，12.43，52.99 kg/hm²。播后39~69 d，氮磷钾养分的需求量分别为87.18，22.62，99.10 kg/hm²。播后69~109 d，钾需求量很少，氮磷养分的需求量分别为88.48，33.49 kg/hm²。根、茎、叶中的部分养分在花期后会转移到荚果，氮、磷、钾养分的转移量均表现为叶>茎>根。花生荚果中来自营养器官转移的氮量比例为33.31%，而磷仅为17.43%，钾却高达87.84%。总之，花生营养生长期较大的生物量是生殖生长期荚果形成的重要物质基础，在花生实际生产中，应根据不同花生品种养分的需求及积累分配特点，适时合理施肥，以达到养分资源高效利用和花生高产的目的。

关键词: 花生, 高油酸, 干物质, 氮磷钾含量, 养分吸收和利用

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the regularity of nutrients absorption and utilization of high oleic acid peanut varieties, with ordinary peanut varieties as the control. In order to know N, P and K absorption and utilization of peanuts, dry matter accumulation and nutrient content and nutrient accumulation in different organs were tested at regular intervals. The results showed that the change pattern of dry matter accumulation in the whole plant and different organs of high oleic acid peanut was basically the same as that of ordinary peanut varieties. However, the root dry matter weight of high oleic acid peanuts were significantly higher than that of ordinary peanuts, while the dry matter weight of stem and leaf of high oleic acid peanut reversely. The whole plant dry matter of high oleic acid peanuts was 6.86% lower than that of common peanut. The trends of N, P and K absorption and accumulation for high oleic acid peanuts were the same as those in common peanuts. The accumulation of N and P increased linearly from seedling emergence to pod maturity, and decreased slightly at the final harvest. However, K reached the maximum value at the flowering stage(69 days after sowing)and then leveled off. The accumulations of N, P and K in roots for high oleic acid peanuts were significantly higher than that of common peanuts. The nutrient requirements of peanuts in the whole growth period were N, K, P, in turn. On 39 days after sowing, the average N, P and K requirements were 54.57, 12.43, 52.99 kg/ha, respectively. From 39 to 69 days after sowing, the values were 87.18, 22.62, 99.10 kg/ha, respectively. During 69-109 days after sowing, the values were 88.48, 33.49 kg/ha, respectively. Some nutrients in roots, stems and leaves were transferred to the peanut pods after florescence. The proportion of N transfer in peanut pods was 33.31%, P was only 17.43% and K was as high as 87.84%. In the actual production of peanut, fertilizer should be applied in a timely and reasonable manner according to the nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics of different peanut varieties, so as to achieve the purpose of high production and efficiency for peanut.

Key words: Peanut, High oleic acid, Dry matter, NPK contents, Nutrient absorption and utilization

中图分类号: 

• S141