基肥正位深施对直播水稻产量和化肥利用的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192472

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究基肥施入深度对化肥利用率和水稻生长及营养元素吸收的影响。设置不施肥（T1）、基肥施入深度0（T2）、5 cm（T3）、10 cm（T4）、15 cm（T5）5个处理，对比研究基肥施入深度对机直播水稻产量和化肥利用率的影响。结果表明：基肥施入深度对各生育期水稻叶生物量无明显影响，对成熟期茎生物量影响明显，基肥表施和深施5 cm时可显著增加水稻茎生物量，深施10，15 cm时，茎生物量明显低于基肥表施（P<0.05）；不同生育期水稻叶的氮、磷、钾吸收量受基肥施入深度的影响不明显，但成熟期茎的氮、磷、钾吸收量因基肥施入深度差异显著（P<0.05）；氮素和钾素收获指数受基肥施入深度影响显著（P<0.05），且随施肥深度呈先增加后降低的趋势，而磷素收获指数呈先降低后增加的趋势；氮、磷、钾各元素利用率最高时的施入深度不同，氮素收获指数最大时，基肥施入深度为10.5 cm；钾素收获指数最大时，基肥施入深度为7.0 cm；基肥施入深度对水稻茎生长和营养元素吸收的影响大于对水稻叶生长和营养元素吸收的影响。适当增加基肥正位施入深度对水稻产量和化肥利用率提高具有积极作用，而且基肥施入深度在7.0~10.5 cm更有利于提高水稻产量和化肥利用率。

关键词: 水稻直播, 施肥深度, 收获指数, 化肥利用率

Abstract: To explore the effects of basic application depth of chemical fertilizer on its utilization rate, rice growth and nutrient uptake. Five treatments including no fertilization(T1), and basal fertilizer application depth of 0(T2), 5(T3), 10(T4)and 15 cm(T5)were set up to study the effects of basal fertilizer application depth on rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency. The application depth of basal fertilizer had no significant effect on the leaf biomass of rice at different growth stages, but had significant effect on the stem biomass at mature stage. The stem biomass was significantly increased when the basal fertilizer was applied at 0 and 5 cm depth, and significantly decreased at fertilizer application depth of 10 cm and 15 cm at mature stage, and significantly lower than that of basal fertilizer application on soil surface(P<0.05);The uptake of N, P, K of rice leaf at different growth stages changed not significantly with basal fertilizer application depth, but the N, P and K uptake of rice stem at mature stage was significantly different due to basal fertilizer application depth(P<0.05);The N and K harvest index increased to the maximum at fertilizer application depth about 10 cm and the decreased, and was significantly correlated with basal fertilizer application depth(P<0.05). The application depth of base fertilizer with the largest nitrogen harvest index was 10.5 cm, while which of the largest potassium harvest index was 7.0 cm. The effect of basal fertilizer application depth on rice stem growth and nutrient absorption was greater than that on rice leaf. Basal fertilizer applied within an appropriately depth had positive effects on rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Considering the rice yield and element utilization, the depth of basal fertilizer applied within 7.0-10.5 cm was more conducive to improve the rice yield and fertilizer utilization.

Key words: Direct seeding rice, Fertilizer application depth, Harvest indicator, Fertilizer utilization

中图分类号:

S143
S511.01

董林林, 沈明星, 全坚宇, 闻育琴, 沈园, 陶玥玥, 施林林, 陆长婴. 基肥正位深施对直播水稻产量和化肥利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(S1): 222-230. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192472.

DONG Linlin, SHEN Mingxing, QUAN Jianyu, WEN Yuqin, SHEN Yuan, TAO Yueyue, SHI Linlin, LU Changying. Deep Base Fertilizer Application Affects Direct Seeding Rice Yield and Fertilizer Utilization[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(S1): 222-230. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192472.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/IS1/222

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