摘要： 探索不同生育期叶面喷施外源硒对谷子品质指标、籽粒硒含量的影响，明确谷子外源硒的最佳施用期，为富硒谷子的栽培种植提供科学依据。以3个不同生态型谷子，春谷长农35、夏谷冀谷20、抗除草剂杂交谷晋谷50为试验材料，田间试验采用随机区组设计，设置喷施清水为对照（CK），在苗期、抽穗期、灌浆期叶面喷施Na₂SeO₃ 67.84 g/hm²，研究各关键生育期在喷硒条件下，谷子不同生态型品种的品质性状、籽粒硒含量以及硒的累积、转运的影响。结果显示，不同生育期叶面喷硒处理均可以改善谷子品质，参试品种尤以灌浆期喷施硒对谷子品质性状改善最佳，晋谷50、冀谷20、长农35的赖氨酸含量分别增加0.03，0.05，0.02百分点，叶酸含量增幅分别为2.4%，7.5%，5.5%，灌浆期喷硒处理粗蛋白与对照间差异达到极显著（P<0.01），不同生育期叶面喷施亚硒酸钠，谷子籽粒含硒量均有提高，硒含量增加趋势为灌浆期 > 抽穗期 > 苗期 > 对照（CK），灌浆期喷硒处理谷子籽粒硒含量平均增加0.250 mg/kg，是对照的8.0~9.9倍；灌浆期为提高谷子有机硒转化率和籽粒硒利用率的关键时期。晋谷50、冀谷20和长农35灌浆期喷硒处理后的有机硒转化率分别比对照提高13，13，10百分点，且与对照间差异显著（P<0.05），与对照相比，灌浆期硒处理后的硒收获指数增幅为5.32，5.82，2.70百分点。灌浆期叶面喷施适量的外源硒是改善谷子品质性状，提高谷子硒含量、有机硒转化率和硒收获指数的最佳叶面喷硒处理时期。

关键词: 谷子, 品质, 硒含量, 有机硒转化率, 硒收获指数

Abstract: Exogenous selenium was sprayed at different growth stages of the foxtail millet to study the change rule of quality and grain selenium content, to determine the optimum spraying selenium period for foxtail millet, so as to provide a theoretical basis for production of selenium-rich foxtail. The varieties Changnong 35, Jigu 20 and Jingu 50 were used as test materials. The field experiment was designed by random block group, setting spray water for control (CK), foliar spraying Na₂SeO₃ 67.84 g/ha at seedling stage, heading stage and filling stage to study on influence of quality, grain selenium content, accumulation and translocation of selenium in foxtail millet. The result showed that different growth period of spraying selenium treatment all could improve quality of foxtail millet, foxtail millet in filling stage spraying selenium on millet quality traits to improve was the best. The lysine content of Jingu 50, Jigu 20 and Changnong 35 increased by 0.03,0.05,0.02 percentage points respectively, folic acid content was 2.4%, 7.5%, 5.5% higher than that of control, respectively.The content of crude protein and crude fat in selenium spraying treatment reached extremely significant level with the control during grain filling stage(P<0.01).Spraying time impact on grain selenium content in filling stage > heading stage > seedling stage, foxtail millet grain selenium content was increased by average of 8.0-9.9 times compared to the CK within the scope of the safety of the intake of selenium. Filling stage was to improve the millet organic selenium conversion rate and the utilization ratio of the grain selenium crucial period.The organic selenium conversion rates of Jingu 50, Jigu 20 and Changnong 35 treated by spraying selenium at grain filling stage were 13, 13 and 10 percentage points higher than those of the control, respectively, and there was a significant difference between them (P<0.05), compared with the control, the selenium harvest index increased by 5.32, 5.82 and 2.70 percentage points after selenium treatment in the filling stage. The application of selenium in filling period could improve the quality of grain, increase the grain selenium content, the conversion of organic selenium and the utilization of selenium. Filling stage was an optimal period of foxtail millet foliar spraying exogenous selenium.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Quality, Selenium content, Conversion rate of organic selenium, Selenium harvest index

中图分类号: 

• S515

• S143.7