不同有机肥对旱直播水稻品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192421

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究旱直播水稻品质在不同有机肥处理下的变化规律,于2018—2020年,以龙粳31为试验材料,设置6种处理,即:零肥(N0)、常规施肥(NPK)、生物炭+常规施肥(OF1)、海藻生物有机肥+常规施肥(OF2)、基施旺生物有机肥+常规施肥(OF3)、凹凸棒有机肥+常规施肥(OF4),研究不同有机肥处理下旱直播水稻加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的变化差异。结果表明:3 a间,有机肥处理的稻米整精米率高于NPK和N0,与NPK相比,OF1~OF4分别提高2.64,1.78,1.06,2.53百分点;垩白度以OF2最高,为1.82%,较NPK增加0.11百分点,但OF1、OF3、OF4垩白度低于NPK,平均分别降低0.26,0.41,0.51百分点;各处理的精米粒长、粒宽和长宽比无显著差异;2019—2020年,与NPK相比,有机肥处理增加了稻米蛋白质含量,而直链淀粉含量却呈降低趋势;2 a间,OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4蛋白质含量平均分别为8.99%,9.13%,9.08%,9.16%,较NPK分别增加0.54,0.68,0.63,0.71百分点;而OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4直链淀粉含量平均分别降低了0.20,0.64,0.69,0.38百分点;与NPK相比,有机肥施入初期可提高旱直播稻米光泽、味道、口感和食味评分值,但长期施用有机肥将导致旱直播稻米蒸煮食味品质变差;2019—2020年,NPK处理的稻米食味评分值平均为72.70,与NPK相比,OF1、OF2、OF3、OF4均不同程度地降低了稻米的香气、光泽、味道、口感和食味评分值,食味评分值分别降低5.53%,6.40%,3.71%,3.23%,但有机肥增加了稻米的完整性。综上,长期施用有机肥能改善旱直播稻米的加工品质和外观品质,提高营养品质,但不利于蒸煮食味品质的形成并且会降低直链淀粉含量。

关键词: 水稻, 旱直播, 有机肥, 品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the changing law of dry direct-seeding rice quality under different organic fertilizer treatments,this experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020.Longjing 31 was used as the test material.Treatments includes:zero fertilizer(N0),conventional fertilization(NPK),Biochar+conventional fertilization(OF1),seaweed bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF2),Jishiwang bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF3),attapulgite organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization(OF4).Changes in the processing quality,appearance quality,nutritional quality,and cooking and eating quality of dry direct-seeding rice were investigated.Compared with NPK,the head rice percentage of OF1,OF2,OF3,OF4 increased by 2.64 ,1.78,1.06,2.53 percentage points,respectively.The chalkiness degree of OF2 was the highest(1.82%),which was 0.11 percentage points higher than that of NPK.However,the chalkiness degree of OF1,OF3 and OF4 were lower than that of NPK,with an average decrease of 0.26,0.41,0.51 percentage points,respectively.There was no significant difference in grain length,grain width and length width ratio among the treatments.From 2019 to 2020,compared with NPK,organic fertilizer treatment increased protein content,but decreased amylose content;the protein contents of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 were 8.99%,9.13%,9.08% and 9.16% respectively,which were 0.54,0.68,0.63,0.71 percentage points higher than those of NPK;the amylose content of OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 decreased by 0.20,0.64,0.69,0.38 percentage points,respectively;compared with NPK,the application of organic fertilizer at the initial stage could improve the luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry-direct seeding rice,but long-term application of organic fertilizer would lead to poor cooking and eating quality;from 2019 to 2020,the average taste value of NPK treatment was 72.70,compared with NPK,OF1,OF2,OF3 and OF4 reduced the aroma,luster,taste,flavor and taste value of dry direct-seeding rice by 5.53%,6.40%,3.71% and 3.23%,respectively,but organic fertilizer increased the integrity of rice.In conclusion,long-term application of organic fertilizer can improve the processing quality,appearance quality and nutritional quality of dry direct-seeding rice,but it is not conducive to the formation of cooking and eating quality and reduce amylose content.

Key words: Rice, Dry direct-seeding, Organic fertilizer, Quality

徐令旗, 郭晓红, 张佳柠, 赵洋, 李晓蕾, 刘绍峰, 崔致远, 安懿亮, 吕艳东. 不同有机肥对旱直播水稻品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(1): 137-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192421.

XU Lingqi, GUO Xiaohong, ZHANG Jianing, ZHAO Yang, LI Xiaolei, LIU Shaofeng, CUI Zhiyuan, AN Yiliang, LÜ Yandong. The Effect of Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Dry Direct-seeding Rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 137-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192421.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I1/137

图/表 7

参考文献 37

[1]	黄成亮.浅谈氮肥对水稻秧苗素质及产量品质的影响[J].北方水稻,2018,48(3):44-47.doi:10.16170/j.cnki.1673-6737.2018.03.015.
	Huang C L.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the quality of rice seedling,yield and quality[J].North Rice,2018,48(3):44-47.
[2]	赵学智,何芳芳,杨金娟.保墒旱直播栽培对水稻产量及品质性状的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2019,60(6):15-16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-204x.2019.06.006.
	Zhao X Z,He F F,Yang J J.Effects of soil moisture conservation and dry direct seeding on rice yield and quality[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2019,60(6):15-16.
[3]	Manna M C,Swarup A,Wanjari R H,Mishra B,Shahi D K.Long-term fertilization,manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,94(2):397-409.doi:10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013.
[4]	Huang J K,Huang Z R,Jia X P,Hu R F,Xiang C.Long-term reduction of nitrogen fertilizer use through knowledge training in rice production in China[J].Agricultural Systems,2015,135:105-111.doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2015.01.004.
[5]	李冠男.施肥及微量元素调控对盐碱地水稻品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2019.
	Li G N.Effects of fertilization and microelement regulation on rice quality in saline-sodic paddy field[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2019.
[6]	王显,肖跃成,姚义,夏炎,霍中洋,张圣旺.不同生物有机肥对水稻产量及其构成因子的影响[J].中国稻米,2010,16(3):50-52.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2010.03.018.
	Wang X,Xiao Y C,Yao Y,Xia Y,Huo Z Y,Zhang S W.Effects of different bio-organic fertilizer on rice yield and yield components[J].China Rice,2010,16(3):50-52.
[7]	杨玉爱.我国有机肥料研究及展望[J].土壤学报,1996,33(4):414-422.doi:10.11766/trxb199509280413.
	Yang Y A.Perspectives of organic fertilizer research in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1996,33(4):414-422.
[8]	王元元,李超,刘思超,杨晶,唐利忠,屠乃美,易镇邪.有机肥对水稻产量、品质及土壤特性的影响研究进展[J].中国稻米,2019,25(1):15-20.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.004.
	Wang Y Y,Li C,Liu S C,Yang J,Tang L Z,Tu N M,Yi Z X.Research advances on effects of organic fertilizer on yield,quality of rice and soil characteristics[J].China Rice,2019,25(1):15-20.
[9]	王显,刘俊,霍中洋.不同生物有机肥对稻米品质的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2012(2):20-21.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2239.2012.02.010.
	Wang X,Liu J,Huo Z Y.The effect of different bio-organic fertilizers on rice quality[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2012(2):20-21.
[10]	唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,杨刚,杨琴.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.
	Tang W,Wu J,Sun B Y,Yang G,Yang Q.Effects of application amounts of biogas slurry on yield and quality of rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(12):2268-2273.
[11]	唐雪.不同有机肥对水稻产量、品质和生理性状的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2020.doi:10.27327/d.cnki.gshnu.2020.000256.
	Tang X.Effects of different organic fertilizers on rice yield,quality and physiological character[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2020.
[12]	赵秀哲,王成瑷,赵磊,侯文平,于亚彬,高良文,韩霖,曲海霞.不同生育时期追施有机肥对有机水稻产量及品质的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2015,40(6):13-16,112.doi:10.16423/j.cnki.1003-8701.2015.06.004.
	Zhao X Z,Wang C G,Zhao L,Hou W P,Yu Y B,Gao L W,Han L,Qu H X.Effect of manure applied at different stages on yield and quality of organic rice[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2015,40(6):13-16,112.
[13]	萧长亮,那永光,王安东,李春光,王士强,解保胜.寒地水稻旱直播栽培技术探讨[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(7):120-123.doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2017.07.0120.
	Xiao C L,Na Y G,Wang A D,Li C G,Wang S Q,Xie B S.Discussion on direct seeding cultivation techniques in dry land of rice in cold region[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2017(7):120-123.
[14]	邢志鹏,吴培,朱明,钱海军,曹伟伟,胡雅杰,郭保卫,魏海燕,许轲,戴其根,霍中洋,张洪程.机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):52-62.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.01.007.
	Xing Z P,Wu P,Zhu M,Qian H J,Cao W W,Hu Y J,Guo B W,Wei H Y,Xu K,Dai Q G,Huo Z Y,Zhang H C.Effect of mechanized planting methods on plant type and lodging resistance of different rice varieties[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(1):52-62.
[15]	赵杰,李绍平,程爽,田晋钰,邢志鹏,陶钰,周磊,刘秋员,胡雅杰,郭保卫,高辉,魏海燕,张洪程.“独秆”栽培模式下全程氮肥在分蘖中后期施用对旱直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2021,47(6):1162-1174.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02052.
	Zhao J,Li S P,Cheng S,Tian J Y,Xing Z P,Tao Y,Zhou L,Liu Q Y,Hu Y J,Guo B W,Gao H,Wei H Y,Zhang H C.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer in whole growth duration applied in the middle and late tillering stage on yield and quality of dry direct seeding rice under “solo-stalk” cultivation mode[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2021,47(6):1162-1174.
[16]	霍中洋,李杰,许轲,戴其根,魏海燕,龚金龙,张洪程.高产栽培条件下种植方式对不同生育类型粳稻米质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):3932-3945.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.004.
	Huo Z Y,Li J,Xu K,Dai Q G,Wei H Y,Gong J L,Zhang H C.Effect of planting methods on quality of different growth and development types of Japonica rice under high-yielding cultivation condition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(19):3932-3945.
[17]	乔江方.氮素对稻米外观品质的影响及其碳氮代谢基础研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
	Qiao J F.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on rice appearance quality and its carbon and nitrogen metabolism foundation[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011.
[18]	侯立刚,赵国臣,刘亮,郭希明,隋朋举,孙洪娇.有机水稻生产环境下稻鸭共作对稻米品质影响性研究[J].北方水稻,2010,40(6):31-32,51.doi:10.16170/j.cnki.1673-6737.2010.06.012.
	Hou L G,Zhao G C,Liu L,Guo X M,Sui P J,Sun H J.Studies on the effect of rice-duck intergrowth on rice quality in the environment of organic production[J].North Rice,2010,40(6):31-32,51.
[19]	李先.有机肥对水稻产量、品质及养分淋失的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
	Li X.Effects of organic fertilizers on yield and quality of rice grains and nutrient leaching loss from paddy[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2010.
[20]	黄涛.有机栽培条件下生物有机肥对稻田肥力和稻米品质的影响[D].海口:海南大学,2010.
	Huang T.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on paddy soil fertility and quality of rice[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2010.
[21]	周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):234-240.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2012.11186.
	Zhou J M.Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield,quality and nitrogen uptake of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2012,18(1):234-240.
[22]	吴殿星,舒小丽.稻米蛋白质研究与利用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
	Wu D X,Shu X L.Research and utilization of rice protein[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2009.
[23]	倪国荣.不同土壤肥力及施肥制度下的双季稻田土壤微生物特征[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2013.
	Ni G R.Characteristics of soil microbial under different fertility and fertilization systems of double cropping rice field[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2013.
[24]	张三元,石玉海.水稻品种稻米品质研究——Ⅱ.肥料对水稻蛋白质含量的影响[J].吉林农业科学,1991,16(3):5-8.doi:10.16423/j.cnki.1003-8701.1991.03.002.
	Zhang S Y,Shi Y H.Study on rice quality of rice varieties——Ⅱ.The effect of fertilizer on rice protein content[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,1991,16(3):5-8.
[25]	哈丽哈什·依巴提,李青军,张炎.有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮对棉花养分吸收、氮素利用和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2019(3):137-142.doi:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.18267.
	Ibati H,Li Q J,Zhang Y.Effects of organic manure nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen on cotton nutrient uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2019(3):137-142.
[26]	李孝良,胡立涛,王泓,张云晴,吴长昊,汪建飞.化肥减量配施有机肥对皖北夏玉米养分吸收及氮素利用效率的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2019,42(1):118-123.doi:10.7685/janu.20190412.
	Li X L,Hu L T,Wang H,Zhang Y Q,Wu C H,Wang J F.Effects of combination of chemical fertilizer reduction with organic manure on nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize in Northern Anhui Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2019,42(1):118-123.
[27]	吴迪,黄绍文,金继运.氮肥运筹、配施有机肥和坐水种对春玉米产量与养分吸收转运的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):317-326.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2009.02.011.
	Wu D,Huang S W,Jin J Y.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management,organic manure application and bed-irrigation sowing on maize yield,and nutrient uptake and translocation[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2009,15(2):317-326.
[28]	黄涛.有机肥对旱地作物产量、品质与养分流失的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
	Huang T.Studies on effects of organic fertilizer on yield and quality and nutrients run off loss of upland crops[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2010.
[29]	聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,郭斗斗,张巧萍.不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(4):591-597.doi:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2013.04.003.
	Nie S W,Huang S M,Zhang S Q,Guo D D,Zhang Q P.Effects of nitrogen uptakes by winter wheat under various fertilizations during filling stage[J].Soils,2013,45(4):591-597.
[30]	陈能,罗玉坤,朱智伟,张伯平,郑有川,谢黎虹.优质食用稻米品质的理化指标与食味的相关性研究[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(2):70-76.doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.1997.02.002.
	Chen N,Luo Y K,Zhu Z W,Zhang B P,Zheng Y C,Xie L H.Correlation between eating quality arid physico-chemical properties of high grain qualitiy rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,1997,11(2):70-76.
[31]	沈鹏,罗秋香,金正勋.稻米蛋白质与蒸煮食味品质关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2003,34(4):378-381.doi:10.19720/j.cnki.issn.1005-9369.2003.04.004.
	Shen P,Luo Q X,Jin Z X.Relationship between protein content and the cooking and eating quality properties of rice grain[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2003,34(4):378-381.
[32]	谢黎虹,罗炬,唐绍清,陈能,焦桂爱,邵高能,魏祥进,胡培松.蛋白质影响水稻米饭食味品质的机理[J].中国水稻科学,2013,27(1):91-96.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2013.01.013.
	Xie L H,Luo J,Tang S Q,Chen N,Jiao G A,Shao G N,Wei X J,Hu P S.Proteins affect rice eating quality properties and its mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2013,27(1):91-96.
[33]	王鹏跃,沈庆霞,路兴花,庞林江,陈忠秀.米蛋白及其组分与米饭物性及感官的关联特征研究[J].食品与机械,2016,32(3):24-27.doi:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2016.03.005.
	Wang P Y,Shen Q X,Lu X H,Pang L J,Chen Z X.Relevance features of rice protein and its components to physical and sensory properties of cooked rice[J].Food & Machinery,2016,32(3):24-27.
[34]	高辉,马群,李国业,杨雄,李雪侨,殷春渊,李敏,张庆,张洪程,戴其根,魏海燕.氮肥水平对不同生育类型粳稻稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4543-4552.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.21.026.
	Gao H,Ma Q,Li G Y,Yang X,Li X Q,Yin C Y,Li M,Zhang Q,Zhang H C,Dai Q G,Wei H Y.Effect of nitrogen application rate on cooking and eating qualities of different growth-development types of Japonica rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(21):4543-4552.
[35]	关静.长期定位施肥对水稻生长生理特性、产量及品质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2008.
	Guan J.Effects of long-term located fertilization on characteristics of growth and physiology,grain yield and grain quality[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2008.
[36]	李瑞峰.旱直播与移栽条件下粳稻的产量及品质的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2019.doi:10.27327/d.cnki.gshnu.2019.000048.
	Li R F.Study on yield and quality of Japonica rice under dry direct seeding and transplanting conditions[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2019.
[37]	项亚威.杂交稻直播与移栽方式的产量、抗倒性和稻米品质研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
	Xiang Y W.Yield,lodging resistance and rice quality in hybrid rice grown under direct seeding and transplanting[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2017.

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice percentage	精米率 Milled rice percentage	整精米率 Head rice percentage
2018	N0	81.39±0.66a	70.66±0.26a	65.84±0.36b
	NPK	80.83±0.50ab	71.02±1.69a	67.31±2.09ab
	OF1	80.33±0.18b	72.24±0.84a	69.53±0.88a
	OF2	81.12±0.48a	72.51±2.36a	68.65±2.77a
	OF3	81.23±0.50a	72.70±1.68a	69.28±1.88a
	OF4	81.11±0.45a	72.01±0.93a	68.78±1.25a
2019	N0	80.15±0.53a	70.56±0.14c	64.05±0.96b
	NPK	80.25±0.61a	71.69±0.25bc	64.80±0.93ab
	OF1	79.96±1.24a	72.63±1.60ab	65.45±1.00ab
	OF2	79.96±0.99a	72.95±1.04ab	64.99±0.22ab
	OF3	80.16±0.47a	72.96±0.24ab	65.56±0.65ab
	OF4	81.03±1.19a	73.71±1.46a	66.13±1.70a
2020	N0	69.71±1.19b	63.38±1.61c	53.43±1.12c
	NPK	78.12±0.85a	70.76±0.25b	60.67±0.59b
	OF1	77.69±0.49a	71.73±1.07ab	65.72±1.36a
	OF2	77.96±0.96a	71.09±1.01ab	64.48±1.10a
	OF3	77.63±0.54a	70.97±0.33ab	61.13±0.42b
	OF4	78.69±0.75a	72.34±0.82a	65.47±0.73a
F值 F value	T	21.80^**	24.56^**	34.63^**
	Y	187.66^**	27.22^**	150.63^**
	T×Y	23.35^**	6.84^**	11.98^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice percentage	精米率 Milled rice percentage	整精米率 Head rice percentage
2018	N0	81.39±0.66a	70.66±0.26a	65.84±0.36b
	NPK	80.83±0.50ab	71.02±1.69a	67.31±2.09ab
	OF1	80.33±0.18b	72.24±0.84a	69.53±0.88a
	OF2	81.12±0.48a	72.51±2.36a	68.65±2.77a
	OF3	81.23±0.50a	72.70±1.68a	69.28±1.88a
	OF4	81.11±0.45a	72.01±0.93a	68.78±1.25a
2019	N0	80.15±0.53a	70.56±0.14c	64.05±0.96b
	NPK	80.25±0.61a	71.69±0.25bc	64.80±0.93ab
	OF1	79.96±1.24a	72.63±1.60ab	65.45±1.00ab
	OF2	79.96±0.99a	72.95±1.04ab	64.99±0.22ab
	OF3	80.16±0.47a	72.96±0.24ab	65.56±0.65ab
	OF4	81.03±1.19a	73.71±1.46a	66.13±1.70a
2020	N0	69.71±1.19b	63.38±1.61c	53.43±1.12c
	NPK	78.12±0.85a	70.76±0.25b	60.67±0.59b
	OF1	77.69±0.49a	71.73±1.07ab	65.72±1.36a
	OF2	77.96±0.96a	71.09±1.01ab	64.48±1.10a
	OF3	77.63±0.54a	70.97±0.33ab	61.13±0.42b
	OF4	78.69±0.75a	72.34±0.82a	65.47±0.73a
F值 F value	T	21.80^**	24.56^**	34.63^**
	Y	187.66^**	27.22^**	150.63^**
	T×Y	23.35^**	6.84^**	11.98^**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalkiness rate	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree	粒长/mm Grain length	粒宽/mm Grain width	长宽比 Length-width ratio
2018	N0	0.92±0.13c	0.45±0.08b	4.62±0.05a	2.95±0.04a	1.57±0.01ab
	NPK	5.06±0.85a	2.50±0.91a	4.70±0.08a	2.97±0.05a	1.58±0.02a
	OF1	3.75±0.80b	1.93±0.39a	4.69±0.06a	2.97±0.03a	1.57±0.02ab
	OF2	4.75±1.16ab	2.61±0.71a	4.65±0.07a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF3	4.33±0.93ab	1.95±0.57a	4.65±0.06a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF4	3.70±0.64b	2.04±0.43a	4.69±0.02a	2.99±0.02a	1.57±0.01ab
2019	N0	0.79±0.28d	0.40±0.18b	4.40±0.01b	2.84±0.05b	1.55±0.03a
	NPK	2.66±0.46a	1.40±0.22a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF1	1.96±0.43bc	1.34±0.53a	4.50±0.01a	2.86±0.05ab	1.57±0.03a
	OF2	2.42±0.31ab	1.47±0.37a	4.50±0.01a	2.89±0.02ab	1.56±0.01a
	OF3	2.00±0.27bc	1.11±0.11a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF4	1.82±0.24c	1.04±0.11a	4.49±0.02a	2.87±0.05ab	1.56±0.03a
2020	N0	0.59±0.19b	0.36±0.14c	4.30±0.01b	2.76±0.05b	1.56±0.03ab
	NPK	1.90±0.25a	1.24±0.33a	4.36±0.05a	2.80±0.01ab	1.56±0.02ab
	OF1	1.75±0.22a	1.10±0.77ab	4.41±0.05a	2.82±0.03a	1.56±0.01ab
	OF2	1.72±0.25a	1.37±0.32a	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF3	1.68±0.33a	0.87±0.09abc	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF4	0.93±0.12b	0.52±0.19bc	4.36±0.05a	2.82±0.05a	1.54±0.02b
F值 F value	T	32.69^**	16.32^**	7.84^**	3.91^**	0.72
	Y	128.72^**	35.59^**	322.25^**	184.48^**	1.44
	T×Y	4.70^**	1.59	1.16	0.84	1.67

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalkiness rate	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree	粒长/mm Grain length	粒宽/mm Grain width	长宽比 Length-width ratio
2018	N0	0.92±0.13c	0.45±0.08b	4.62±0.05a	2.95±0.04a	1.57±0.01ab
	NPK	5.06±0.85a	2.50±0.91a	4.70±0.08a	2.97±0.05a	1.58±0.02a
	OF1	3.75±0.80b	1.93±0.39a	4.69±0.06a	2.97±0.03a	1.57±0.02ab
	OF2	4.75±1.16ab	2.61±0.71a	4.65±0.07a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF3	4.33±0.93ab	1.95±0.57a	4.65±0.06a	3.00±0.01a	1.55±0.02b
	OF4	3.70±0.64b	2.04±0.43a	4.69±0.02a	2.99±0.02a	1.57±0.01ab
2019	N0	0.79±0.28d	0.40±0.18b	4.40±0.01b	2.84±0.05b	1.55±0.03a
	NPK	2.66±0.46a	1.40±0.22a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF1	1.96±0.43bc	1.34±0.53a	4.50±0.01a	2.86±0.05ab	1.57±0.03a
	OF2	2.42±0.31ab	1.47±0.37a	4.50±0.01a	2.89±0.02ab	1.56±0.01a
	OF3	2.00±0.27bc	1.11±0.11a	4.50±0.01a	2.90±0.01a	1.55±0.01a
	OF4	1.82±0.24c	1.04±0.11a	4.49±0.02a	2.87±0.05ab	1.56±0.03a
2020	N0	0.59±0.19b	0.36±0.14c	4.30±0.01b	2.76±0.05b	1.56±0.03ab
	NPK	1.90±0.25a	1.24±0.33a	4.36±0.05a	2.80±0.01ab	1.56±0.02ab
	OF1	1.75±0.22a	1.10±0.77ab	4.41±0.05a	2.82±0.03a	1.56±0.01ab
	OF2	1.72±0.25a	1.37±0.32a	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF3	1.68±0.33a	0.87±0.09abc	4.40±0.01a	2.80±0.01ab	1.57±0.01a
	OF4	0.93±0.12b	0.52±0.19bc	4.36±0.05a	2.82±0.05a	1.54±0.02b
F值 F value	T	32.69^**	16.32^**	7.84^**	3.91^**	0.72
	Y	128.72^**	35.59^**	322.25^**	184.48^**	1.44
	T×Y	4.70^**	1.59	1.16	0.84	1.67

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量/% Protein content	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose content
2018	N0	7.10±0.01b	17.02±0.13c
	NPK	7.37±0.17ab	17.70±0.18ab
	OF1	7.20±0.12ab	17.92±0.10a
	OF2	7.62±0.21a	17.37±0.31b
	OF3	7.47±0.60ab	17.80±0.16a
	OF4	7.27±0.35ab	17.62±0.29ab
2019	N0	7.60±0.20b	16.70±0.29ab
	NPK	7.82±0.15b	16.92±0.21a
	OF1	8.80±0.14a	16.50±0.41ab
	OF2	9.02±0.13a	16.07±0.43c
	OF3	9.05±0.31a	16.15±0.24c
	OF4	9.07±0.05a	16.42±0.13bc
2020	N0	8.62±0.10b	15.85±0.44a
	NPK	9.07±0.22a	16.10±0.10a
	OF1	9.17±0.26a	15.97±0.17a
	OF2	9.22±0.10a	15.67±0.56a
	OF3	9.20±0.12a	15.62±0.25a
	OF4	9.25±0.26a	15.83±0.21a
F值 F value	T	24.33^**	6.31^**
	Y	352.35^**	227.20^**
	T×Y	7.49^**	2.99^**

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容