低蛋白日粮对湘东黑山羊肉品质及肌源性调节因子基因表达的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192650

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究低蛋白日粮对山羊胴体品质和肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成以及肌源性调节因子基因表达的影响。选取24头生长期湘东黑山羊母羊,随机分为正常蛋白日粮组(CON组,CP:10.77%,n=12)与低蛋白日粮组(LP组,CP:5.52%,n =12),预试期25 d,正试期45 d。结果表明,LP组肌肉屠宰后24 h的肉色L^*值显著升高,而肌肉pH值和失水率等无显著差异;骨骼肌Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型肌纤维比例无显著差异,仅LP组半腱肌肌纤维总平均横截面积呈现降低的趋势;LP组股外侧肌中缬氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸及总必需氨基酸的含量显著降低,异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸和总氨基酸含量呈现下降趋势;半腱肌中谷氨酸的含量显著降低,苏氨酸和丝氨酸的含量呈现下降趋势; LP组半腱肌中二十碳二烯酸和二十二烯酸的含量显著降低;外侧肌中总多不饱和脂肪酸、油酸、花生四烯酸的含量显著降低;背最长肌中油酸的含量显著降低; LP组半腱肌 MYOD基因表达显著下调。综上表明,饲喂低蛋白日粮不影响肌纤维类型的转化与横截面积;日粮蛋白质缺乏会降低骨骼肌中氨基酸的沉积,同时减少肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸的沉积,影响山羊肌肉风味。

关键词: 湘东黑山羊, 低蛋白, 肌肉品质, 氨基酸, 脂肪酸

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low protein diet on meat quality,amino acid and fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle and blood,and mRNA expression of myogenic regulatary factor genes of black goat.A total of 24 female Xiangdong black goats were randomly divided into control group(CON,10.77% CP,n=12)and low protein group(LP,5.52% CP,n=12).The pre and post-trial lasted for 25 d and 45 d,respectively.The results were as follows:Low protein diet increased L^* 24 h of meat color,but had no difference on pH value and water loss rate.The percentage of type Ⅰ muscle fiber and type Ⅱ muscle fiber had no difference between two groups,only the average fiber cross sectional areas of semitendinosus had a tendency to reduce.Valine,leucine,lysine,phenylalanine,glutamate and total essential amino acids of vastus lateralis significantly reduced,isoleucine,methionine,aspartate,arginine and total amino acid tended to decrease.Glutamate of semitendinosus in the LP group significantly reduced,threonine and serine tended to decrease.Compared with the control group,C20:2 and C22:1n9 of semitendinosus in the LP group significantly decreased.Total PUFA,C18:1n9c,and C20:4n6 of vastus lateralis in the LP group significantly decreased;C18:1n9c of longissimus dorsi in the LP group significantly decreased.Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of MYOD in semitendinosus were significantly down-regulated in the CON group.In conclusion,low protein diet didn't affect type conversion and cross sectional area of muscle fiber.Dietary protein deficiency reduced the deposition of amino acid in muscle,while reduced the deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle,which affected on muscle flavor of goat.

Key words: Xiangdong black goat, Low protein, Meat quality, Amino acids, Fatty acids

陈文勋, 周婷, 颜琼娴, 田丽娜, 曹满湖, 谭支良, 邹爱华. 低蛋白日粮对湘东黑山羊肉品质及肌源性调节因子基因表达的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(1): 202-210. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192650.

CHEN Wenxun, ZHOU Ting, YAN Qiongxian, TIAN Lina, CAO Manhu, TAN Zhiliang, ZOU Aihua. Effect of Low Protein Diet on Meat Quality and Myogenic Regulatory Factor Gene Expression of Xiangdong Black Goats[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 202-210. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192650.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I1/202

图/表 8

参考文献 40

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项目 Items	对照组 Control	低蛋白组 Low protein
稻草/% Rice straw	70.00	70.00
玉米/% Corn	8.20	23.00
大豆/% Soybean meal	15.00	0.00
脂肪粉/% Fat powder	1.00	1.00
食盐/% NaCl	0.50	0.50
麦麸/% Wheatbran	2.90	2.90
碳酸钙/% CaCO₃	0.10	0.10
磷酸氢钙/% CaHPO₄	0.30	0.50
预混料 Premix	2.00	2.00
营养成分 Nutrient content
干物质/% DM	96.17	95.86
粗灰分/% ASH	12.71	12.31
粗蛋白/% CP	10.77	5.52
中性洗涤纤维/% NDF	49.77	50.93
酸性洗涤纤维/% ADF	28.42	28.94
淀粉/% Starch	12.72	23.87
能量/(MJ/kg) Energy	16.76	16.84

项目 Items	对照组 Control	低蛋白组 Low protein
稻草/% Rice straw	70.00	70.00
玉米/% Corn	8.20	23.00
大豆/% Soybean meal	15.00	0.00
脂肪粉/% Fat powder	1.00	1.00
食盐/% NaCl	0.50	0.50
麦麸/% Wheatbran	2.90	2.90
碳酸钙/% CaCO₃	0.10	0.10
磷酸氢钙/% CaHPO₄	0.30	0.50
预混料 Premix	2.00	2.00
营养成分 Nutrient content
干物质/% DM	96.17	95.86
粗灰分/% ASH	12.71	12.31
粗蛋白/% CP	10.77	5.52
中性洗涤纤维/% NDF	49.77	50.93
酸性洗涤纤维/% ADF	28.42	28.94
淀粉/% Starch	12.72	23.87
能量/(MJ/kg) Energy	16.76	16.84

基因 Gene	基因库 GenBank	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence (5' —3')	产物大小/bp Produce size
ACTB	NM_173979	F:CCCAGATCATGTTCGAGACC	95
		R:GAGGCATACAGGGACAGCAC
MYOZ1	XM_005699215.3	F:GGACAGCAATGCCTTATGGT	101
		R:AACTAAGGGTTCGCTCAGCA
MYF5	NM_001287037.1	F:AGACGCCTGAAGAAGGTCAA	150
		R:CTCCACCTGTTCCCTTAGCA
MYF6	NM_001285602.1	F:CAAGTCAGAGGCCAAGGAAG	103
		R:TTCTAAGGGCTGCAGGGTAA
MYOD	XM_018058990.1	F:TGCAAACGCAAGACGACTAA	126
		R:CTGGTTTGGGTTGCTAGACG
MYL	NM 001145183	F:GAAGACCTGCGGGACACT	159
		R:GATCACATCCTCAGGGTCAG
SIX	XM_013967225.2	F:CCACTCATGTCCAGCTCAGA	137
		R:GACTGCGAGGCTGTTAAACC

基因 Gene	基因库 GenBank	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence (5' —3')	产物大小/bp Produce size
ACTB	NM_173979	F:CCCAGATCATGTTCGAGACC	95
		R:GAGGCATACAGGGACAGCAC
MYOZ1	XM_005699215.3	F:GGACAGCAATGCCTTATGGT	101
		R:AACTAAGGGTTCGCTCAGCA
MYF5	NM_001287037.1	F:AGACGCCTGAAGAAGGTCAA	150
		R:CTCCACCTGTTCCCTTAGCA
MYF6	NM_001285602.1	F:CAAGTCAGAGGCCAAGGAAG	103
		R:TTCTAAGGGCTGCAGGGTAA
MYOD	XM_018058990.1	F:TGCAAACGCAAGACGACTAA	126
		R:CTGGTTTGGGTTGCTAGACG
MYL	NM 001145183	F:GAAGACCTGCGGGACACT	159
		R:GATCACATCCTCAGGGTCAG
SIX	XM_013967225.2	F:CCACTCATGTCCAGCTCAGA	137
		R:GACTGCGAGGCTGTTAAACC

项目 Items	对照组 Control	低蛋白组 Low protein	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
初始体质量/kg Initial body weight¹⁾	19.50	20.48	0.58	0.823
终末体质量/kg Final body weight¹⁾	19.80	19.96	0.50	0.277
平均日增质量/(g/d) Average daily gain¹⁾	7.00	-9.00	2.02	0.122
饲料转化率/% Feed conversion rate¹⁾	0.01	-0.01	0.03	0.090
胴体质量/kg Carcass weight¹⁾	6.51	6.50	0.98	0.970
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage¹⁾	32.78	31.97	2.00	0.360
眼肌面积/cm² Eye muscle area	5.11	4.84	0.40	0.749
失水率/% Drip loss	3.41	4.65	0.39	0.425
pH_45min	7.01	7.07	0.06	0.565
pH_24h	5.66	5.73	0.04	0.312
45 min眼肌色度 Eye flesh color at 45 min
L^*2)	42.66	44.28	1.08	0.650
a^*2)	20.48	20.91	0.53	0.357
b^*2)	10.12	9.83	4.92	0.970
24 h眼肌色度 Eye flesh color at 24 h
L^*2)	41.58	42.49	0.76	0.032
a^*2)	23.08	25.22	0.61	0.560
b^*2)	5.17	4.62	0.32	0.454

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