不同叶面钙肥对中国樱桃贮藏品质及几种保护酶的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索中国樱桃果实的耐贮性,减少采后果实腐烂率,延长其贮藏寿命。以中国樱桃黑珍珠为供试材料,于花后7 d喷施不同浓度的CaCl₂、氨基酸钙及糖醇钙,研究钙处理对采后果实在贮藏期的内外品质及几种保护酶的影响,并筛选出最适宜黑珍珠樱桃采前喷施的钙肥及其浓度。结果表明:随贮藏时间延长,樱桃果实的硬度、百果质量及可溶性糖(SS)、可滴定酸(TA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、Vc、β-胡萝卜素含量呈下降变化趋势;腐烂率、相对电导率(REC)及MDA含量呈逐渐增加的变化趋势;可溶性固形物(TSS)含量和SOD、POD、PPO活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。贮藏期内各外源钙处理的樱桃果实的营养物质和水分损耗、PPO活性、MDA的积累量均低于CK;而SOD和POD活性均高于CK,叶面钙肥提高了黑珍珠樱桃的耐贮性,延长其贮藏寿命。隶属函数综合评价得出1 500倍糖醇钙对果实保鲜效果最佳。采前喷施钙肥能提高樱桃果实的硬度和品质,提高抗氧化酶活性,从而实现延长樱桃贮藏期,1 500倍糖醇钙处理对黑珍珠樱桃果实的保鲜效果最佳,可在生产中推广应用。

关键词: 黑珍珠樱桃, CaCl₂, 氨基酸钙, 糖醇钙, 贮藏性能, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

In order to explore the storability of Chinese cherry fruit,reduce the decay rate of post harvest fruit and prolong its storage life. Chinese cherry Black pearl was sprayed with CaCl₂,amino acid calcium and sugar alcohol calcium after flowering. The internal and external quality of post harvest fruits during storage and several protective enzymes were studied,and the most suitable calcium fertilizer and its concentration were selected.The results showed that:with the extension of storage time,cherry fruit hardness,100 fruit weight,soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble protein,Vc,β-carotene decreased;the content of MDA and REC increased gradually;the activities of soluble solids,SOD,POD and PPO increased first and then decreased;the nutrient and water loss,PPO activity and MDA accumulation of cherry fruit treated with calcium fertilizer during storage were lower than CK;the activities of SOD and POD were higher than CK. Foliar calcium fertilizer improved the storage resistance of Black pearl cherry. The comprehensive evaluation of membership function showed that 1 500 times sugar alcohol calcium had the best effect on fruit preservation. Spraying calcium fertilizer before harvest could improve the hardness,quality and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of cherry fruit,so as to prolong the storage period of cherry.1 500 times sugar alcohol calcium can be popularized and applied in production.

Key words: Black pearl cherry, CaCl₂, Amino acid calcium, Sugar alcohol calcium, Storage performance, Antioxidant enzymes

杨雪莲, 胡小京, 吴永飞, 明芳艳, 彭强. 不同叶面钙肥对中国樱桃贮藏品质及几种保护酶的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 231-239. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193383.

YANG Xuelian, HU Xiaojing, WU Yongfei, MING Fangyan, PENG Qiang. Effects of Different Foliar Calcium Fertilizers on Storage Quality and Several Protective Enzymes of Chinese Cherry[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 231-239. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193383.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/231

图/表 6

参考文献 36

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指标 Index	处理 Treatment	贮藏天数/d Storage time
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
百果质量/g	P1	247.50±0.00e	243.55±0.01e	235.25±0.06f	233.87±0.47d	233.62±0.25b
Fruit weight	P2	258.38±0.01d	252.71±0.28c	252.21±1.30c	223.79±0.40f	212.94±0.34e
	P3	258.90±0.00d	250.90±0.10cd	245.01±0.72d	229.86±0.86e	229.56±0.76c
	P4	237.98±0.50f	236.64±0.12f	235.97±0.06f	232.55±0.48de	214.18±0.34e
	P5	237.18±0.25f	236.54±0.02f	235.27±0.03f	231.55±0.78de	212.58±0.39e
	P6	274.89±0.02b	267.59±0.06b	255.91±0.71b	246.31±0.15a	242.86±0.50a
	P7	279.17±0.02a	272.00±1.28a	258.75±0.50a	248.23±0.10a	241.75±0.21a
	P8	267.98±0.02c	266.41±0.01b	252.27±0.21c	241.43±0.18b	227.39±0.02cd
	P9	257.91±0.01d	247.37±0.66d	243.26±0.22e	237.22±1.01c	226.38±0.47cd
	CK	237.48±0.04f	217.30±0.71g	217.05±1.06g	212.73±0.18g	204.68±0.16f
腐烂率/%	P1	5.33±0.01d	11.39±1.61a	13.13±0.18b	17.51±0.01d	26.48±0.03d
Decay rate	P2	8.00±0.14a	8.09±0.02d	11.32±0.02d	19.74±0.01c	36.51±0.01b
	P3	4.35±0.21e	10.29±0.07b	14.49±0.02a	23.74±0.02b	36.50±0.00b
	P4	7.32±0.02b	7.52±0.04ef	12.16±0.23c	19.15±0.21c	30.25±0.00c
	P5	6.32±0.02c	6.66±0.01g	9.34±0.00e	15.25±0.00e	26.12±0.17d
	P6	6.01±0.01c	8.01±0.01de	8.21±0.01f	16.25±0.00de	25.12±0.16e
	P7	5.74±0.02d	7.75±0.01e	8.20±0.00f	9.00±0.01f	15.00±0.00f
	P8	6.05±0.07c	8.32±0.02d	9.18±0.21e	19.76±0.01c	24.02±0.02e
	P9	4.01±0.01e	9.02±0.03c	11.12±0.17d	23.25±0.01b	30.24±0.01c
	CK	5.62±0.07d	10.60±0.85b	13.66±0.01b	31.35±0.21a	39.01±0.01a
硬度/(kg/cm²)	P1	1.72±0.10a	1.38±0.28a	1.27±0.03ab	1.12±0.10bc	0.95±0.03bc
Firmness	P2	1.78±0.10a	1.52±0.10a	1.25±0.20ab	1.24±0.11abc	1.02±0.20bc
	P3	1.67±0.14a	1.48±0.28a	1.15±0.12ab	1.06±0.09c	1.02±0.10bc
	P4	1.67±0.23a	1.62±0.09a	1.45±0.05a	1.43±0.13a	1.05±0.13bc
	P5	1.79±0.05a	1.64±0.23a	1.41±0.25a	1.24±0.03ab	1.23±0.11a
	P6	1.67±0.26a	1.60±0.25a	1.45±0.07a	1.42±0.07a	0.95±0.12bc
	P7	1.63±0.20a	1.49±0.35a	1.40±0.12a	1.36±0.08ab	1.06±0.18bc
	P8	1.73±0.12a	1.50±0.03a	1.11±0.26ab	1.11±0.17bc	1.09±0.20ab
	P9	1.61±0.20a	1.35±0.09a	1.18±0.16ab	1.15±0.28bc	1.09±0.10ab
	CK	1.58±0.08a	1.43±0.27a	1.00±0.19b	0.96±0.30c	0.88±0.18c

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	贮藏天数/d Storage time
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
百果质量/g	P1	247.50±0.00e	243.55±0.01e	235.25±0.06f	233.87±0.47d	233.62±0.25b
Fruit weight	P2	258.38±0.01d	252.71±0.28c	252.21±1.30c	223.79±0.40f	212.94±0.34e
	P3	258.90±0.00d	250.90±0.10cd	245.01±0.72d	229.86±0.86e	229.56±0.76c
	P4	237.98±0.50f	236.64±0.12f	235.97±0.06f	232.55±0.48de	214.18±0.34e
	P5	237.18±0.25f	236.54±0.02f	235.27±0.03f	231.55±0.78de	212.58±0.39e
	P6	274.89±0.02b	267.59±0.06b	255.91±0.71b	246.31±0.15a	242.86±0.50a
	P7	279.17±0.02a	272.00±1.28a	258.75±0.50a	248.23±0.10a	241.75±0.21a
	P8	267.98±0.02c	266.41±0.01b	252.27±0.21c	241.43±0.18b	227.39±0.02cd
	P9	257.91±0.01d	247.37±0.66d	243.26±0.22e	237.22±1.01c	226.38±0.47cd
	CK	237.48±0.04f	217.30±0.71g	217.05±1.06g	212.73±0.18g	204.68±0.16f
腐烂率/%	P1	5.33±0.01d	11.39±1.61a	13.13±0.18b	17.51±0.01d	26.48±0.03d
Decay rate	P2	8.00±0.14a	8.09±0.02d	11.32±0.02d	19.74±0.01c	36.51±0.01b
	P3	4.35±0.21e	10.29±0.07b	14.49±0.02a	23.74±0.02b	36.50±0.00b
	P4	7.32±0.02b	7.52±0.04ef	12.16±0.23c	19.15±0.21c	30.25±0.00c
	P5	6.32±0.02c	6.66±0.01g	9.34±0.00e	15.25±0.00e	26.12±0.17d
	P6	6.01±0.01c	8.01±0.01de	8.21±0.01f	16.25±0.00de	25.12±0.16e
	P7	5.74±0.02d	7.75±0.01e	8.20±0.00f	9.00±0.01f	15.00±0.00f
	P8	6.05±0.07c	8.32±0.02d	9.18±0.21e	19.76±0.01c	24.02±0.02e
	P9	4.01±0.01e	9.02±0.03c	11.12±0.17d	23.25±0.01b	30.24±0.01c
	CK	5.62±0.07d	10.60±0.85b	13.66±0.01b	31.35±0.21a	39.01±0.01a
硬度/(kg/cm²)	P1	1.72±0.10a	1.38±0.28a	1.27±0.03ab	1.12±0.10bc	0.95±0.03bc
Firmness	P2	1.78±0.10a	1.52±0.10a	1.25±0.20ab	1.24±0.11abc	1.02±0.20bc
	P3	1.67±0.14a	1.48±0.28a	1.15±0.12ab	1.06±0.09c	1.02±0.10bc
	P4	1.67±0.23a	1.62±0.09a	1.45±0.05a	1.43±0.13a	1.05±0.13bc
	P5	1.79±0.05a	1.64±0.23a	1.41±0.25a	1.24±0.03ab	1.23±0.11a
	P6	1.67±0.26a	1.60±0.25a	1.45±0.07a	1.42±0.07a	0.95±0.12bc
	P7	1.63±0.20a	1.49±0.35a	1.40±0.12a	1.36±0.08ab	1.06±0.18bc
	P8	1.73±0.12a	1.50±0.03a	1.11±0.26ab	1.11±0.17bc	1.09±0.20ab
	P9	1.61±0.20a	1.35±0.09a	1.18±0.16ab	1.15±0.28bc	1.09±0.10ab
	CK	1.58±0.08a	1.43±0.27a	1.00±0.19b	0.96±0.30c	0.88±0.18c

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	贮藏天数/d Storage time
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
TSS含量	P1	13.63±1.02b	14.17±1.46e	13.90±1.04d	13.50±2.29c	12.10±2.20d
TSS content	P2	12.20±1.82d	14.93±0.89c	13.30±1.87f	12.13±0.31f	12.10±0.59d
	P3	12.17±1.34d	14.83±2.47cd	13.67±1.43e	11.80±0.26g	11.47±0.80f
	P4	12.57±1.75cd	14.67±2.75d	12.93±1.59g	11.70±0.95g	11.07±0.31g
	P5	12.73±1.22c	15.30±0.90b	13.50±0.46ef	13.03±1.17d	12.77±1.22c
	P6	13.77±1.08ab	15.83±0.64a	14.60±2.63b	14.87±1.76a	14.57±2.00a
	P7	13.90±0.85a	15.87±1.10a	15.00±1.48a	14.03±1.59b	13.07±0.51b
	P8	12.50±1.31cd	15.37±0.76b	14.20±0.89c	12.27±0.51f	13.03±0.72b
	P9	12.07±0.76e	15.80±1.01a	14.20±1.50c	13.27±1.46c	11.77±0.61e
	CK	11.93±1.55f	14.33±1.61e	12.80±1.55g	12.73±0.57e	11.97±0.66d
SS含量	P1	0.525±0.009bcd	0.504±0.000c	0.420±0.009b	0.391±0.001b	0.380±0.001b
SS content	P2	0.529±0.002abc	0.515±0.001ab	0.421±0.002b	0.392±0.001b	0.382±0.001ab
	P3	0.524±0.001bcd	0.515±0.002ab	0.420±0.001b	0.389±0.001bc	0.382±0.000ab
	P4	0.529±0.019abc	0.506±0.003bc	0.422±0.019ab	0.390±0.003bc	0.375±0.004bc
	P5	0.522±0.002cd	0.492±0.002c	0.418±0.001b	0.388±0.002bc	0.367±0.002c
	P6	0.519±0.005cd	0.516±0.001ab	0.423±0.005ab	0.391±0.001b	0.377±0.001bc
	P7	0.539±0.001a	0.514±0.001ab	0.425±0.002a	0.398±0.001a	0.384±0.002a
	P8	0.537±0.002ab	0.504±0.003c	0.422±0.002ab	0.395±0.001ab	0.370±0.001c
	P9	0.523±0.001cd	0.521±0.001a	0.422±0.001ab	0.388±0.002bc	0.377±0.001bc
	CK	0.515±0.002d	0.476±0.015d	0.414±0.000c	0.384±0.015d	0.360±0.002d
TA含量	P1	0.464±0.121a	0.422±0.088a	0.394±0.142a	0.303±0.120a	0.288±0.156a
TA content	P2	0.550±0.168a	0.504±0.144a	0.462±0.048a	0.417±0.146a	0.370±0.124a
	P3	0.493±0.022a	0.461±0.023a	0.452±0.266a	0.404±0.241a	0.350±0.114a
	P4	0.511±0.019a	0.504±0.036a	0.447±0.072a	0.362±0.110a	0.338±0.014a
	P5	0.486±0.107a	0.426±0.037a	0.419±0.169a	0.407±0.161a	0.302±0.012a
	P6	0.592±0.185a	0.489±0.032a	0.482±0.212a	0.477±0.104a	0.389±0.040a
	P7	0.579±0.125a	0.516±0.227a	0.496±0.119a	0.481±0.116a	0.415±0.166a
	P8	0.571±0.064a	0.523±0.108a	0.464±0.143a	0.444±0.132a	0.355±0.026a
	P9	0.558±0.142a	0.400±0.150a	0.349±0.172a	0.435±0.264a	0.347±0.041a
	CK	0.441±0.004a	0.372±0.038a	0.318±0.055a	0.323±0.148a	0.320±0.016a

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	贮藏天数/d Storage time
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
TSS含量	P1	13.63±1.02b	14.17±1.46e	13.90±1.04d	13.50±2.29c	12.10±2.20d
TSS content	P2	12.20±1.82d	14.93±0.89c	13.30±1.87f	12.13±0.31f	12.10±0.59d
	P3	12.17±1.34d	14.83±2.47cd	13.67±1.43e	11.80±0.26g	11.47±0.80f
	P4	12.57±1.75cd	14.67±2.75d	12.93±1.59g	11.70±0.95g	11.07±0.31g
	P5	12.73±1.22c	15.30±0.90b	13.50±0.46ef	13.03±1.17d	12.77±1.22c
	P6	13.77±1.08ab	15.83±0.64a	14.60±2.63b	14.87±1.76a	14.57±2.00a
	P7	13.90±0.85a	15.87±1.10a	15.00±1.48a	14.03±1.59b	13.07±0.51b
	P8	12.50±1.31cd	15.37±0.76b	14.20±0.89c	12.27±0.51f	13.03±0.72b
	P9	12.07±0.76e	15.80±1.01a	14.20±1.50c	13.27±1.46c	11.77±0.61e
	CK	11.93±1.55f	14.33±1.61e	12.80±1.55g	12.73±0.57e	11.97±0.66d
SS含量	P1	0.525±0.009bcd	0.504±0.000c	0.420±0.009b	0.391±0.001b	0.380±0.001b
SS content	P2	0.529±0.002abc	0.515±0.001ab	0.421±0.002b	0.392±0.001b	0.382±0.001ab
	P3	0.524±0.001bcd	0.515±0.002ab	0.420±0.001b	0.389±0.001bc	0.382±0.000ab
	P4	0.529±0.019abc	0.506±0.003bc	0.422±0.019ab	0.390±0.003bc	0.375±0.004bc
	P5	0.522±0.002cd	0.492±0.002c	0.418±0.001b	0.388±0.002bc	0.367±0.002c
	P6	0.519±0.005cd	0.516±0.001ab	0.423±0.005ab	0.391±0.001b	0.377±0.001bc
	P7	0.539±0.001a	0.514±0.001ab	0.425±0.002a	0.398±0.001a	0.384±0.002a
	P8	0.537±0.002ab	0.504±0.003c	0.422±0.002ab	0.395±0.001ab	0.370±0.001c
	P9	0.523±0.001cd	0.521±0.001a	0.422±0.001ab	0.388±0.002bc	0.377±0.001bc
	CK	0.515±0.002d	0.476±0.015d	0.414±0.000c	0.384±0.015d	0.360±0.002d
TA含量	P1	0.464±0.121a	0.422±0.088a	0.394±0.142a	0.303±0.120a	0.288±0.156a
TA content	P2	0.550±0.168a	0.504±0.144a	0.462±0.048a	0.417±0.146a	0.370±0.124a
	P3	0.493±0.022a	0.461±0.023a	0.452±0.266a	0.404±0.241a	0.350±0.114a
	P4	0.511±0.019a	0.504±0.036a	0.447±0.072a	0.362±0.110a	0.338±0.014a
	P5	0.486±0.107a	0.426±0.037a	0.419±0.169a	0.407±0.161a	0.302±0.012a
	P6	0.592±0.185a	0.489±0.032a	0.482±0.212a	0.477±0.104a	0.389±0.040a
	P7	0.579±0.125a	0.516±0.227a	0.496±0.119a	0.481±0.116a	0.415±0.166a
	P8	0.571±0.064a	0.523±0.108a	0.464±0.143a	0.444±0.132a	0.355±0.026a
	P9	0.558±0.142a	0.400±0.150a	0.349±0.172a	0.435±0.264a	0.347±0.041a
	CK	0.441±0.004a	0.372±0.038a	0.318±0.055a	0.323±0.148a	0.320±0.016a

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	贮藏天数/d Storage time
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	1	2	3	4	5
Vc含量/(g/kg)	P1	0.90±0.03bcd	0.82±0.00c	0.68±0.01b	0.61±0.02b	0.49±0.01cd
Vc content	P2	0.99±0.01a	0.83±0.02bc	0.66±0.01cd	0.61±0.03b	0.47±0.01de
	P3	0.88±0.00cd	0.78±0.01d	0.66±0.80cd	0.61±0.01b	0.43±0.01ef
	P4	0.85±0.01d	0.75±0.03de	0.69±0.03b	0.57±0.06c	0.42±0.02f
	P5	0.92±0.03bc	0.83±0.01bc	0.67±0.01cd	0.62±0.00b	0.53±0.01bc
	P6	0.94±0.01ab	0.75±0.00de	0.73±0.00a	0.67±0.01a	0.55±0.01ab
	P7	0.95±0.04ab	0.95±0.01a	0.74±0.02a	0.68±0.02a	0.59±0.02a
	P8	0.90±0.01bcd	0.84±0.01b	0.73±0.02a	0.59±0.04bc	0.56±0.03ab
	P9	0.90±0.03bcd	0.78±0.01d	0.66±0.01cd	0.58±0.01c	0.52±0.01bc
	CK	0.85±0.01d	0.71±0.01f	0.63±0.01e	0.60±0.03bc	0.45±0.06ef
β-胡萝卜素含量/	P1	1.61±0.03d	1.59±0.01d	1.55±0.06c	1.54±0.01bc	1.37±0.01c
(mg/kg)	P2	1.74±0.02b	1.70±0.02c	1.60±0.02b	1.53±0.01bcd	1.44±0.02b
β- Carotene content	P3	1.67±0.02c	1.62±0.03d	1.50±0.03d	1.43±0.02cd	1.31±0.02d
	P4	1.76±0.02b	1.71±0.02c	1.59±0.02b	1.45±0.02bcd	1.28±0.02d
	P5	1.80±0.02ab	1.77±0.02b	1.61±0.01b	1.50±0.16bcd	1.38±0.04c
	P6	1.75±0.02b	1.69±0.02c	1.47±0.01de	1.43±0.01cd	1.14±0.02f
	P7	1.72±0.05bc	1.68±0.04c	1.59±0.03b	1.51±0.02bcd	1.22±0.02e
	P8	1.89±0.04a	1.83±0.06a	1.81±0.02a	1.76±0.02a	1.54±0.01a
	P9	1.65±0.00cd	1.68±0.02c	1.62±0.03b	1.56±0.08b	1.12±0.03f
	CK	1.49±0.02e	1.48±0.02e	1.58±0.03bc	1.42±0.03d	0.96±0.00g
SP含量/(g/kg)	P1	3.24±0.02h	3.14±0.04cd	2.97±0.04cd	2.69±0.04c	2.40±0.03f
SP content	P2	3.39±0.04e	3.14±0.03cd	2.80±0.04f	2.74±0.04b	2.33±0.05g
	P3	3.34±0.01f	2.99±0.06e	2.92±0.05de	2.45±0.02e	2.55±0.02d
	P4	3.14±0.02i	3.14±0.07cd	2.93±0.01de	2.69±0.03c	2.29±0.08h
	P5	3.22±0.02h	3.20±0.02bc	2.95±0.06cd	2.56±0.03d	2.46±0.01e
	P6	3.69±0.08a	3.32±0.01a	3.08±0.06a	2.69±0.04c	2.61±0.02b
	P7	3.44±0.03d	3.28±0.06ab	3.11±0.02a	2.58±0.06d	2.67±0.06a
	P8	3.62±0.02b	3.34±0.14a	3.05±0.02ab	2.65±0.02c	2.58±0.05c
	P9	3.59±0.00c	3.08±0.02d	3.00±0.01bc	2.93±0.02a	2.32±0.08g
	CK	3.28±0.01g	3.13±0.02cd	2.86±0.07ef	2.34±0.01f	2.24±0.06i

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