施氮量对稻茬弱筋小麦原粮品质及大曲品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192595

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确施氮量对四川稻茬弱筋小麦原粮品质及大曲品质的影响，于2019-2020年在四川省大邑县进行，采用二因素裂区设计，主区为弱筋小麦品种绵麦367和蜀麦1671，副区为5个氮水平，分别为0（N₀），90（N₉₀），135（N₁₃₅），180（N₁₈₀）和225 kg/hm²（N₂₂₅），除N₀外，其他处理底肥氮水平为45 kg/hm²，剩余氮肥于四叶一心期追施。结果表明，两品种籽粒容重均高于750 g/L，粉质率均大于70%，N₂₂₅处理显著增加了籽粒的硬度指数、降低了粉质率；N₉₀处理下千粒质量最高；随施氮量增加，蛋白质含量逐渐增加（蜀麦1671）或先升后降（绵麦367），湿面筋含量和沉淀值在225 kg/hm²处理下最大；N₁₃₅水平下淀粉含量达到最大值；降落值和RVA特征值随施氮量增加逐渐增加或趋于平稳；脂肪含量随施氮量增加呈下降趋势；大曲的感官评价总分、糖化力、酸度分别在N₁₈₀、N₁₃₅、N₁₃₅水平下达到最高值；感官评价主要受淀粉、脂肪含量的影响，其次是蛋白质；糖化力和酸度均在淀粉含量较高时达到最大值。研究认为，小麦籽粒淀粉含量对大曲品质形成尤其重要，合理增施氮肥可以优化弱筋小麦原粮特性，进而促进大曲制作适宜性，建议西南地区用于制作大曲的稻茬小麦的适宜施氮范围为135~180 kg/hm²。

关键词: 稻茬麦, 氮, 品质, 大曲

Abstract: To clarify the effect of nitrogen application rate on the quality of wheat-rice system and Daqu quality in Sichuan Province.The experiment was started from 2019 to 2020 and carried out in Dayi County, Sichuan Province.The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with Mianmai 367 and Shumai 1671 as the main factor and the sub-plot was five nitrogen levels(0, 90, 135, 180 and 225 kg/ha), which were marked as N₀, N₉₀, N₁₃₅, N₁₈₀ and N₂₂₅, respectively.Except for N₀, the basal nitrogen level of other treatments was 45 kg/ha, and the remaining nitrogen was applied at single stage of four leaves.The results showed that the grain bulk density and opaque rate of the two varieties were higher than 750 g/L and 70%, respectively.Compared with other treatments, the hardness index of N₂₂₅ treatment was significantly increased and the opaque rate was reduced, and the 1000-grain weight of N₉₀ treatment was the highest.With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the protein content gradually increased(Shumai 1671)or first increased and then decreased(Mianmai 367).The wet gluten content and sedimentation value were the largest under 225 kg/ha treatment, and the starch content reached the maximum in N₁₃₅ treatment.With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the falling value and RVA characteristic value gradually increased or tended to be stable, whereas the fat content showed a downward trend.Compared with other treatments, the sensory evaluation, saccharifying power and acidity reached the highest at N₁₈₀, N₁₃₅ and N₁₃₅ treatment, respectively.The sensory evaluation was mainly affected by the content of starch and fat, followed by protein.The saccharifying power and acidity reached the maximum when the starch content was high.The results showed that grain starch content is particularly important for the formation of Daqu quality.Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer can optimize the raw grain characteristics of weak gluten wheat and promote the suitability of Daqu production.In conclusion, it is suggested that the suitable nitrogen application range of rice stubble wheat used for Daqu production in Southwest China is 135-180 kg/ha.

Key words: Wheat-rice system, Nitrogen, Quality, Daqu

中图分类号:

S141.3

陈艳琦, 刘琼, 边巴拉姆, 陈松鹤, 张恒, 李朝苏, 杨洪坤, 郑亭, 黄秀兰, 樊高琼. 施氮量对稻茬弱筋小麦原粮品质及大曲品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(S1): 297-305. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192595.

CHEN Yanqi, LIU Qiong, BIANBA Lamu, CHEN Songhe, ZHANG Heng, LI Chaosu, YANG Hongkun, ZHENG Ting, HUANG Xiulan, FAN Gaoqiong. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Raw Grain Quality and Daqu Quality in Wheat-rice System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(S1): 297-305. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192595.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/IS1/297

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