花生耐盐碱品种的筛选及评价

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194205

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为培育和筛选耐盐碱花生品种,扩大盐碱地利用面积,以50个花生品种为材料,利用盆栽方式设置0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%等4个盐碱梯度,进行耐盐碱品种筛选。结果表明,在萌发期0.8%盐碱胁迫下,50个品种种子在耐盐碱特性上分化明显,有8个品种的发芽率和发苗势仍保持在90%,85%以上。对苗期各生理指标评价结果显示,根部指标和地上部性状在低浓度(0.4%)盐碱胁迫下变化不大,但在中(0.8%)、高(1.2%)浓度胁迫下呈现不同程度下降趋势,降低幅度分别为22%~54%,30%~56%。此外,叶绿素指标随着盐碱浓度升高呈上升趋势,上升幅度为12%~13%。采用优异指数对花生综合评价结果显示,在0.4%,0.8%,1.2%浓度的盐碱胁迫下,分别有23,5,0个品种表现为优异。从相关性上分析,萌发期和苗期的耐盐碱胁迫之间无显著相关性,表明萌发期和苗期抗性分属不同的耐盐碱机制。以上研究结果得出结论:在盆栽条件下,中等浓度(0.8%)盐碱适合用于花生耐盐碱能力的筛选;根据综合优异指数,筛选获得5份耐盐碱花生品种,分别是:冀花572、唐3432、冀农花31、易花16和豫花191,为耐盐碱花生品种推广和培育提供了依据和种质资源。

关键词: 花生, 耐盐碱, 发芽率, 发苗势, 优异指数

Abstract:

In order to cultivate and screen saline-alkali tolerant peanut varieties and expand the utilization area of saline-alkali soil,50 peanut varieties were used as materials,and four saline-alkali gradients,including 0,0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%,were set by potting to screen saline-alkali tolerant varieties. The results showed that under the saline-alkali stress of 0.8% in the germination stage,the seeds of 50 varieties were significantly differentiated in terms of saline-alkali tolerance,and the germination rate and seedling vigor of 8 varieties remained above 90% and 85%. The evaluation results of various physiological indexes at the seedling stage showed that the root indexes and aerial traits did not change much under low concentration (0.4%)saline-alkali stress,but showed different degrees of decline under medium (0.8%)and high (1.2%)concentration stress,and the reduction range was 22%—54% and 30%—56%,respectively. In addition,chlorophyll indexes showed an upward trend with the increase of saline-alkali concentration,with an increase range of 12%—13%. The comprehensive evaluation results of peanut using the excellent index showed that 23,5 and 0 varieties performed excellently under the saline-alkali stress of 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2%,respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that,there was no significant correlation between saline-alkali tolerance stress at the germination stage and the seedling stage,indicating that there were different mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance during germination and seedling stages. The above results concluded that under the conditions of pot cultivation,moderate concentration (0.8%)saline-alkali was suitable for the screening of peanut saline-alkali tolerance varieties. According to the comprehensive excellence index,five saline-alkali tolerant peanut varieties were selected,namely Jihua 572,Tang 3432,Jinonghua 31,Yihua 16 and Yuhua 191,which provided a basis and germplasm resources for the promotion and cultivation of salt alkali tolerant peanut varieties.

Key words: Peanut, Saline-alkali resistant, Germination rate, Seedling vigor, Excellence index

马晓蕾, 胡朋举, 郭颂, 刘翠丽, 张冉冉, 李玉荣, 陶佩君, 王瑾, 杨永庆. 花生耐盐碱品种的筛选及评价[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 145-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194205.

MA Xiaolei, HU Pengju, GUO Song, LIU Cuili, ZHANG Ranran, LI Yurong, TAO Peijun, WANG Jin, YANG Yongqing. Identification of Saline-alkali Tolerance and Comprehensive Screening of Varieties in Peanut[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 145-153. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194205.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/145

图/表 9

表1 供试品种名称及来源地

Tab.1 Name and origin of the test variety

品种来源地 The origin of the variety	品种名称 Variety name
河北Hebei	冀花714、冀花29、冀花13、冀花513、冀花3121、冀花18155、冀花572、冀农花29号、唐3783、唐3432、冀农花31号、廊花2号、邢花907、冀农花30号、易花16号、冀花113白、冀花956、冀农花28、201302-7-1N-20-2-3-1-3、201353-FIN-29-1-2nf、201335-FIN-29-1-2nf、201407-I1N-7-2n-1-4-5-2、201223-47-1-1、优花99
河南Henan	漯花30号、濮花88号、濮花95号、农大432、开农320、开农319、豫花193号、豫花211号、豫花212号、豫花9326、濮花85号、农大346、开农322、商花308、驻花18号、开农323、豫花213号、远杂25号
山东Shandong	济花19、临花19号、花小宝107、济花17号
山西Shanxi	汾花14号、太育8号
江苏Jiangsu	秦花1号

图1 不同盐碱胁迫下花生幼苗分级情况

Fig.1 Classification of peanut seedlings under different salt and alkali stress

表2 盐、碱和盐碱胁迫下的发芽情况

Tab.2 Germination under salt,alkali and saline stress

品种名称 Variety name	盐碱浓度 Saline- alkali concentration	盐碱类型 Saline- alkali type	发芽率/% Germination rate	发苗势/% Seedling vigor
冀花572		CK	94±1a	98±1a
Jihua 572	0.4%	盐	94±3a	94±2a
		碱	98±0a	97±3a
		混	93±2a	98±2a
	0.8%	盐	94±3a	91±4a
		碱	100±0a	93±3a
		混	91±3a	92±3a
	1.2%	盐	60±6b	61±4b
		碱	94±4a	95±3a
		混	44±8c	61±3b
冀花51		CK	92±3a	97±1a
Jihua 51	0.4%	盐	92±2a	100±0a
		碱	94±2a	98±2a
		混	94±3a	96±1a
	0.8%	盐	58±4c	92±4a
		碱	80±9b	94±3a
		混	74±4b	79±2b
	1.2%	盐	54±3c	85±2b
		碱	82±3b	95±2a
		混	0±0d	—

图2 不同盐碱浓度下花生的发芽率和发苗势 A.CK;B.0.4%;C.0.8%;D.1.2%。第Ⅰ象限. 耐盐碱性优秀;第Ⅱ象限. 耐盐碱性良好;第Ⅲ象限.耐盐碱性良好;第Ⅳ象限.耐盐碱性较差。

Fig.2 Germination rate and seedling vigor of peanut under different salt and alkali concentrations A.CK;B.0.4%;C.0.8%;D.1.2%.Quadrant Ⅰ.Excellent saline-alkali resistance;Quadrant Ⅱ.Good saline-alkali resistance; Quadrant Ⅲ.Good saline-alkali resistance;Quadrant Ⅳ.Poor salinity and alkali tolerance.

图3 不同盐碱浓度胁迫下根部的生长情况

Fig.3 Root growth under stress of different salt and alkali concentration

图4 花生不同根系指标对盐碱胁迫反应不同小写字母代表差异显著。

Fig.4 Response of different peanut root indexes to saline-alkali stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference.

图5 主茎、侧枝叶片叶绿素含量

Fig.5 Chlorophyll content of main stem and lateral branch leaves

图6 地上部生物量对盐碱胁迫反应

Fig.6 Response of biomass to salt-alkali stress

图7 不同盐碱胁迫下花生品种的优异指数

Fig.7 Excellent index of peanut varieties under different saline-alkali stress A.0.4%;B.0.8%;C.1.2%。

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