摘要：

旨为明确稻作烟区长叶龄烟苗培育措施,促进稻茬烤烟早生快发,以云烟87为材料,研究育苗盘孔径(136,200孔)、微生物菌剂(基质添加苗强壮微生物菌剂、基质不添加微生物菌剂)、移栽叶龄(8叶移栽、10叶移栽)三因素对烤烟干物质和养分的积累与分配、肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加育苗盘孔径、基质中添加微生物菌剂培育长叶龄烟苗,可提高烤烟干物质积累量,改善烟叶干物质分配量,提高氮、磷、钾养分积累量,促进烤烟对肥料的吸收效率,提高肥料利用率和生产效率;育苗盘孔径、微生物菌剂、移栽叶龄、三因素互作对干物质积累贡献率分别为22.87%,27.73%,37.41%,11.99%;对氮素积累的贡献率分别为20.34%,23.45%,33.62%,22.59%;对磷素积累的贡献率分别为24.41%,27.81%,32.85%,14.93%;对钾素积累的贡献率分别为15.48%,26.05%,34.61%,23.86%;对氮肥效率的贡献率分别为20.81%,44.67%,23.11%,11.41%;对磷肥效率的贡献率分别为32.15%,31.66%,14.91%,21.28%;对钾肥效率的贡献率分别为25.31%,38.71%,31.67%,4.31%。在湖南稻作烟区,增加育苗盘孔径、基质中添加微生物菌剂培育长叶龄烟苗可弥补两段式育苗缺陷,协同提高养分吸收量和肥料利用效率,在烤烟生产中具有一定推广价值。

关键词: 烤烟, 育苗盘孔径, 微生物菌剂, 移栽叶龄, 干物质积累与分配, 肥料利用效率

Abstract:

Define the cultivation measures of long-leaf tobacco seedlings in tobacco-rice rotation area to promote the early growth and rapid development of paddy-tobacco.Yunyan 87 was used as the material.The effects of three factors on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution,and fertilizer use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco were studied,namely,the aperture of nursery site(136,200 pores),microbial agent(substrate with Miaoqiangzhuang microbial agent,substrate without microbial agent),and transplanting leaf age(8-leaf transplanting,10-leaf transplanting).The results showed that increasing the aperture of nursery site and adding microbial agent in the substrate to cultivate long-leaf tobacco seedlings could increase dry matter accumulation,improve dry matter distribution,increase nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,promote fertilizer absorption efficiency,and increase fertilizer utilization rate and production efficiency;the contribution rates of aperture of nursery site,microbial agent,transplanting leaf age and the interaction of three factors to dry matter accumulation were 22.87%,27.73%,37.41% and 11.99%,respectively.The contribution rates to nitrogen accumulation were 20.34%,23.45%,33.62% and 22.59%,respectively.The contribution rates of phosphorus accumulation were 24.41%,27.81%,32.85% and 14.93%,respectively.The contribution rates of potassium accumulation were 15.48%,26.05%,34.61% and 23.86%,respectively.The contribution rates to nitrogen efficiency were 20.81%,44.67%,23.11% and 11.41%,respectively.The contribution rates of phosphorus fertilizer efficiency were 32.15%,31.66%,14.91% and 21.28%,respectively.The contribution rates of potassium fertilizer efficiency were 25.31%,38.71%,31.67% and 4.31%,respectively.In Hunan paddy-tobacco growing area,increasing the aperture of nursery site and adding microbial agents to the substrate can make up for the defects of two-stage seedling raising,and jointly improve nutrient uptake and fertilizer utilization efficiency,which has a certain popularization value in flue-cured tobacco production.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Aperture of nursery site, Microbial agent, Transplanting leaf age, Accumulation and distribution of dry matter, Fertilizer utilization efficiency