不同垄高对植烟土壤热量状况及烤烟根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194779

华北农学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 128-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194779

所属专题： 烟草；土壤肥料；栽培生理；

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同垄高对植烟土壤热量状况及烤烟根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响

杨彦磊¹, 冉静¹, 郭鸿雁², 贺广生³, 黄跃鹏², 李淮源⁴, 李文才³, 陈建军¹, 谢俊喜⁵, 邓世媛¹

¹ 华南农业大学烟草研究室,广东广州 510642
² 广东烟草韶关市有限公司,广东韶关 512000
³ 中国烟草总公司广东省公司,广东广州 510627
⁴ 华南农业大学基础实验与实践训练中心,广东广州 510642
⁵ 广东烟草韶关市有限公司始兴县分公司,广东韶关 512500

收稿日期:2024-04-11 出版日期:2024-10-28
通讯作者:
邓世媛(1975-),女,湖北恩施人,副教授,博士,主要从事烟草栽培生理及品质优化调控研究。
作者简介:
杨彦磊(1999-),男,河南郑州人,在读硕士,主要从事烟草栽培生理及品质优化调控研究。
基金资助:
广东省科技厅星火计划项目(2013B020503058); 中国烟草总公司广东省公司科技项目(2021440000240144); 广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022440000340047)

Effects of Different Ridge Heights on Soil Heat Status,Root Growth, and Leaf Maturity Tolerance of Flue-cured Tobacco

YANG Yanlei¹, RAN Jing¹, GUO Hongyan², HE Guangsheng³, HUANG Yuepeng², LI Huaiyuan⁴, LI Wencai³, CHEN Jianjun¹, XIE Junxi⁵, DENG Shiyuan¹

¹ Tobacco Research Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China
² Guangdong Tobacco Shaoguan Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512000,China
³ Guangdong Tobacco Company,China National Tobacco Corporation,Guangzhou 510627,China
⁴ Center for Basic Experiment and Practice Training,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China
⁵ Shixing County Branch of Guangdong Tobacco Shaoguan Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512500,China

Received:2024-04-11 Published:2024-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究起垄高度对植烟土壤热量状况、根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响,以烤烟品种粤烟97为供试材料,于2022-2023年开展2 a大田试验,设置垄高30 cm(CK)、垄高38 cm(T1)、垄高46 cm(T2)3个处理,分析不同起垄高度下土壤温度和热通量、根系外观形态和生长指标、根系活力、烟叶耐熟性相关指标的变化。结果表明,土壤日温差变化随土层深度变化,土壤表层的日温差最大。增加垄高可提高植烟土壤平均温度0.4~1.8 ℃,提高土壤热通量4~56 W/m²。2 a 试验中,垄高38 cm的根系长度比垄高30 cm增加的最大幅度达27.26%,根干质量增加最大幅度26.21%,根系活力提高最大幅度14.97%,差异显著。与垄高30 cm相比,垄高38 cm的可溶性蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性、细胞膜稳定指数增加最大幅度达17.99%,27.82%,9.05百分点(2022年)和10.23%,12.44%,8.16百分点(2023年),丙二醛含量降低最大幅度为 24.84%,44.43%。相关性分析显示,根系活力与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关,根系长度和根干质量与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关,过氧化物酶活性则与根系生长指标呈显著或极显著正相关,可溶性蛋白质含量与根系长度呈显著正相关。综上所述,增加垄高有利于改善植烟土壤热量状况,促进根系生长,提高根系活力,增强叶片抗氧化能力,提高烟叶耐熟性。垄高38 cm是南方烟区促进根系生长、提高烟叶耐熟性的适宜起垄高度。

关键词: 烤烟, 起垄高度, 植烟土壤, 根系生长, 耐熟性

Abstract:

To study the effects of ridge height on soil heat status,root growth,and tobacco maturity tolerance in tobacco planting,a 2-year field experiment was conducted using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yueyan 97 as the test material from 2022 to 2023.Three treatments were set up,including a ridge height of 30 cm(CK),a ridge height of 38 cm(T1),and a ridge height of 46 cm(T2),to analyze the changes in soil temperature and heat flux,root appearance and growth indicators,root vitality,and tobacco maturity related indicators under different ridge heights.The results indicated that the daily temperature difference in soil varies with the depth of the soil layer,and the daily temperature difference in the surface layer of the soil was the largest.Increasing ridge height can increase the average temperature of tobacco planting soil by 0.4-1.8 ℃ and increase soil heat flux by 4-56 W/m².In the 2 a experiment,the maximum increase in root length for a ridge height of 38 cm compared to a ridge height of 30 cm was 27.26%,the maximum increase in root dry mass was 26.21%,and the maximum increase in root vitality was 14.97%,with significant differences.Compared with a ridge height of 30 cm,the soluble protein content,peroxidase activity,and cell membrane stability index of a ridge height of 38 cm increased by 17.99%,27.82%,and 9.05 percentage points(2022),respectively and by 10.23%,12.44%,and 8.16 percentage points(2023),respectively.The maximum decrease in malondialdehyde content was 24.84% and 44.43%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that root activity was significantly negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content,peroxidase activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with root growth indexes, and soluble protein content was significantly positively correlated with root length.In summary,increasing ridge height is beneficial for improving the thermal status of tobacco planting soil,promoting root growth,enhancing root vitality,enhancing leaf antioxidant capacity,and enhancing tobacco maturity tolerance.A ridge height of 38 cm is an appropriate ridge height for promoting root growth and improving tobacco maturity tolerance in southern tobacco regions.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Ridge height, Tobacco-planting soil, Root growth, Leaf maturity tolerance

杨彦磊, 冉静, 郭鸿雁, 贺广生, 黄跃鹏, 李淮源, 李文才, 陈建军, 谢俊喜, 邓世媛. 不同垄高对植烟土壤热量状况及烤烟根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(5): 128-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194779.

YANG Yanlei, RAN Jing, GUO Hongyan, HE Guangsheng, HUANG Yuepeng, LI Huaiyuan, LI Wencai, CHEN Jianjun, XIE Junxi, DENG Shiyuan. Effects of Different Ridge Heights on Soil Heat Status,Root Growth, and Leaf Maturity Tolerance of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(5): 128-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194779.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I5/128

图/表 14

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年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	碱解氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
2022	6.03	11.05	1.22	0.77	10.67	0.07	0.05	0.12
2023	6.07	13.48	1.03	0.48	7.65	0.06	0.04	0.12

年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	碱解氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
2022	6.03	11.05	1.22	0.77	10.67	0.07	0.05	0.12
2023	6.07	13.48	1.03	0.48	7.65	0.06	0.04	0.12

测定时间 Time of determination	土层深度/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	最高温度/℃ Maximum temperature	最低温度/℃ Minimum temperature	平均温度/℃ Mean temperature	日较差/℃ Daily range of temperature
移栽后30 d	0~10	CK	25.6	23.6	24.60	2.0
30 days after transplanting		T1	26.2	25.2	25.70	1.0
		T2	26.5	25.9	26.20	0.6
	10~20	CK	24.3	24.2	24.25	0.1
		T1	24.7	24.5	24.60	0.2
		T2	25.5	25.3	25.40	0.2
	20~30	CK	22.9	22.7	22.80	0.2
		T1	23.6	23.3	23.45	0.3
		T2	24.5	24.3	24.40	0.2
移栽后55 d	0~10	CK	27.5	25.0	26.25	2.5
55 days after transplanting		T1	28.0	26.7	27.35	1.3
		T2	28.6	27.3	27.95	1.3
	10~20	CK	26.5	25.8	26.15	0.7
		T1	26.6	26.0	26.30	0.6
		T2	27.0	26.8	26.90	0.2
	20~30	CK	25.1	24.6	24.85	0.5
		T1	25.2	24.9	25.05	0.3
		T2	26.0	25.6	25.80	0.4
移栽后80 d	0~10	CK	24.2	21.6	22.90	2.6
80 days after transplanting		T1	24.7	23.1	23.90	1.6
		T2	25.1	24.3	24.70	0.8
	10~20	CK	24.3	23.3	23.80	1.0
		T1	23.9	23.6	23.75	0.3
		T2	24.6	24.2	24.40	0.4
	20~30	CK	22.5	22.3	22.40	0.2
		T1	23.7	22.7	23.20	1.0
		T2	24.1	23.7	23.90	0.4
移栽后105 d	0~10	CK	30.5	29.2	29.85	1.3
105 days after transplanting		T1	30.7	29.0	29.85	1.7
		T2	30.8	28.9	29.85	1.9
	10~20	CK	30.3	29.8	30.05	0.5
		T1	30.5	29.7	30.10	0.8
		T2	30.6	29.8	30.20	0.8
	20~30	CK	27.8	27.5	27.65	0.3
		T1	28.2	27.8	28.00	0.4
		T2	28.6	28.1	28.35	0.5

测定时间 Time of determination	土层深度/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatment	最高温度/℃ Maximum temperature	最低温度/℃ Minimum temperature	平均温度/℃ Mean temperature	日较差/℃ Daily range of temperature
移栽后30 d	0~10	CK	25.6	23.6	24.60	2.0
30 days after transplanting		T1	26.2	25.2	25.70	1.0
		T2	26.5	25.9	26.20	0.6
	10~20	CK	24.3	24.2	24.25	0.1
		T1	24.7	24.5	24.60	0.2
		T2	25.5	25.3	25.40	0.2
	20~30	CK	22.9	22.7	22.80	0.2
		T1	23.6	23.3	23.45	0.3
		T2	24.5	24.3	24.40	0.2
移栽后55 d	0~10	CK	27.5	25.0	26.25	2.5
55 days after transplanting		T1	28.0	26.7	27.35	1.3
		T2	28.6	27.3	27.95	1.3
	10~20	CK	26.5	25.8	26.15	0.7
		T1	26.6	26.0	26.30	0.6
		T2	27.0	26.8	26.90	0.2
	20~30	CK	25.1	24.6	24.85	0.5
		T1	25.2	24.9	25.05	0.3
		T2	26.0	25.6	25.80	0.4
移栽后80 d	0~10	CK	24.2	21.6	22.90	2.6
80 days after transplanting		T1	24.7	23.1	23.90	1.6
		T2	25.1	24.3	24.70	0.8
	10~20	CK	24.3	23.3	23.80	1.0
		T1	23.9	23.6	23.75	0.3
		T2	24.6	24.2	24.40	0.4
	20~30	CK	22.5	22.3	22.40	0.2
		T1	23.7	22.7	23.20	1.0
		T2	24.1	23.7	23.90	0.4
移栽后105 d	0~10	CK	30.5	29.2	29.85	1.3
105 days after transplanting		T1	30.7	29.0	29.85	1.7
		T2	30.8	28.9	29.85	1.9
	10~20	CK	30.3	29.8	30.05	0.5
		T1	30.5	29.7	30.10	0.8
		T2	30.6	29.8	30.20	0.8
	20~30	CK	27.8	27.5	27.65	0.3
		T1	28.2	27.8	28.00	0.4
		T2	28.6	28.1	28.35	0.5

指标 Index	根系活力 Root activity	根系长度 Root length	根干质量 Root dry weight	根平均直径 Root average diameter
丙二醛含量Malondialdehyde content	-0.67^*	-0.84^**	-0.88^**	-0.65
过氧化物酶活性Peroxidase activity	0.82^**	0.97^**	0.76^*	0.74^*
可溶性蛋白质含量Soluble protein content	0.57	0.67^*	0.51	0.32
细胞膜稳定指数Cell membrane stability index	-0.02	0.35	0.50	0.28

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不同垄高对植烟土壤热量状况及烤烟根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响

Effects of Different Ridge Heights on Soil Heat Status,Root Growth, and Leaf Maturity Tolerance of Flue-cured Tobacco

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不同垄高对植烟土壤热量状况及烤烟根系生长和烟叶耐熟性的影响

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