摘要： 当前的农业栽培高度依赖化肥，致使土壤的微生态环境不断恶化，为了改善土壤的生物学特性，培肥地力，通过田间试验研究了草木犀（一年生）作为绿肥或配施化肥对烤烟土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果显示，草木犀翻压能够显著提高4种酶的活性，并且土壤酶活性随着绿肥翻压量的提高而增加，与空白对照（CK2）相比，草木犀第3批（9月18日翻压，生物量为32 180 kg/hm²）翻压的酶活性增加最大，最大增量分别为：蔗糖酶6月48.4%，脲酶4月91.5%，磷酸酶8月72.4%，过氧化氢酶10月51.6%；绿肥与化肥配施的处理中，从整体上看，绿肥+化肥的处理均高于对照（CK1，仅施化肥），第3批翻压绿肥+常规施肥的处理土壤酶活性的提升效果均好于绿肥+减氮30%的处理，第1批（8月3日翻压，生物量为19 350 kg/hm²）和第2批（8月18日，生物量为22 930 kg/hm²）翻压，绿肥+常规施肥与绿肥+减氮30%的处理土壤酶活性多数差异不显著，脲酶和磷酸酶表现尤为突出；烟株的不同生育期内酶的动态变化特征表现为：翻压绿肥和绿肥与化肥配施的各处理土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶均在旺长期（6月）出现峰值，过氧化氢酶在烟叶采收前期（8月）出现峰值。以上结果说明，翻压草木犀后土壤代谢活跃，有利于土壤的营养转化，为烤烟正常生长提供所需的营养。

关键词: 绿肥, 草木犀, 烤烟, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: The current agricultural cultivation is highly dependent on chemical fertilizers,resulting in the deterioration of the micro-ecological environment of the soil. In order to improve the biological characteristics of the soil and fertility, The effects of green manure (an annual) as green manure or chemical fertilizer on the activities of invertase,urease,phosphatase and catalase in flue-cured tobacco soil were studied. The results showed that the activity of four enzymes could be significantly increased by overturning of grass rhinoceros,and the soil enzyme activity increased with the increase of the amount of green manure. Compared with the blank control (CK2),the third batch of grass rhinoceros (overturned on September 18 with a biomass of 32 180 kg/ha) had the largest increase in enzyme activity,with the maximum increase being:sucrase June 48.4%,91.5% for urease in April,72.4% for phosphatase in August,and 51.6% for catalase in October. In the treatment of green manure and chemical fertilizers,the treatment of green manure + chemical fertilizer was higher than that of the control (CK1,only chemical fertilizer), the effect of the third batch of overturning green manure plus conventional fertilization on soil enzyme activity was better than that of green manure plus 30% nitrogen reduction, The first batch (turnover on August 3,biomass was 19 350 kg/ha) and the second batch (biomass,22 930 kg/ha on August 18) were overturned.The different of soil enzyme activity between green manure+conventional fertilization and green manure+nitrogen reduction 30% was not significant,and urease and phosphatase were particularly prominent. The characteristics of the dynamic changes of enzymes in different growth stages of tobacco plants were as follows:soil sucrase,urease,and phosphatase in all treatments with overturn green manure green manure,and chemical fertilizers all peaked in the long-term (June) peak. Catalase A peak appeared in the early stage (August) of tobacco leaf harvest. The above results indicated that the soil metabolism was very active after the rhizome was pressed,which was conducive to the nutrient transformation of the soil and provides the necessary nutrition for the normal growth of the flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: Green manure, Melilotus officinalis L., Flue-cured tobacco, Soil enzyme activity

中图分类号: 

• S311

• S141