摘要： 为了探索砂姜黑土区夏玉米生产中适宜的减氮增效策略，研究氮肥减施措施下夏玉米与豆科绿肥间作对玉米产量、干物质积累及土壤微生物的影响，为选择合适的绿肥品种、改善土壤微生态环境及氮肥减施下保障夏玉米持续高产稳产提供理论支撑。在豫南砂姜黑土区进行间作试验，设置6个处理：不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（100% N）、氮肥减施30%（70% N）、氮肥减施30%+拉巴豆（70% N+LA）、氮肥减施30%+花豇豆（70% N+J）、氮肥减施30%+毛绿豆（70% N+LV），分析玉米籽粒产量、总干物质质量和土壤微生物量碳含量、氮含量，并用末端限制性片段长度多态性技术（T-RFLP）分析土壤细菌群落结构。结果表明，减氮配合3种绿肥间作，玉米籽粒产量并未减少，与70% N处理相比，70% N+LA和70% N+J处理显著提高地上总干物质质量（P <0.05）；70% N+LA和70% N+J处理土壤微生物量碳含量均显著高于100% N和70% N （P <0.05）；与100% N处理相比，绿肥间作处理70% N+LA和70% N+J降低土壤细菌Shannon指数，其中Hae Ⅲ酶切条件下的70% N+LA和Msp Ⅰ酶切条件下的70% N+J处理降低显著（P <0.05）；主成分分析表明，与常规施肥相比，处理70% N+LA和70% N+J的土壤细菌群落结构都发生了明显改变。

关键词: 绿肥间作, 减氮, 砂姜黑土, 微生物量, 细菌群落

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable techniques for reducing nitrogen input,increase efficiency improvement and improve soil microecology for summer maize production in lime concretion black soil,the effects of intercropping green manures on maize yield,dry matter accumulation,soil microbial biomass and microbial community of lime concretion black soil was examined under reduced nitrogen fertilizer input.A field experiment including 6 treatments:No fertilizer control (CK),normal nitrogen fertilizer (100%N),30% nitrogen reduced (70%N),30% nitrogen reduced plus Dolichos lablab intercropping (70%N+LA),30% nitrogen reduced plus Vigna unguiculata intercropping (70%N+J) and 30% nitrogen reduced plus Vigna radiata intercropping (70%N+LV) was carried out in the South of Henan Province,a lime concretion black soil region. The maize grain yield,total dry matter mass and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were analyzed. The dynamics of soil bacterial community structure was evaluated by Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. The results showed that nitrogen reduction plus 3 green manure can't significantly decreased maize grain yield above ground,and 70%N+LA and 70%N+J treatments significantly increased total dry matter mass compared to 70%N treatment. Significantly higher microbial carbon contents were observed in the 70%N+LA and 70%N+J treatments than that in the 100%N and 70%N treatments(P <0.05). Compared with 100%N treatment,nitrogen reduction plus green manure (70%N+LA and 70%N+J) decreased soil Shannon index,and significant decreases were detected in 70%N+LA treatment and 70%N+J treatments under restriction endonuclease of Hae Ⅲ and Msp Ⅰ,respectively. The principal component analysis indicated that 70%N+LA and 70%N+J treatments had higher similarity on bacterial community structure.

Key words: Green manure intercropping, Nitrogen reduction, Lime concretion black soil, Microbial biomass, Bacterial community

中图分类号: 

• S143.1

• S551