摘要： 为探究适合滨海盐渍化土壤水稻种植的有机肥与磷肥配施比例，连续2年（2015-2016年）采用田间微区试验研究了有机肥和磷肥配施对滨海盐渍化土壤水稻产量、有效分蘖、净光合速率、磷素周转及农学利用效率的影响。试验设磷肥与有机肥两因素，P0：0 kg/hm²（无磷）；P1：64 kg/hm²；P2：128 kg/hm²。3个有机肥（碳）水平，C0：无碳（有机肥0 kg/hm²）；C1：450 kg/hm²（有机肥1 000 kg/hm²）；C2：900 kg/hm²（有机肥2 000 kg/hm²）。即CK不施肥（T1）；无磷施用（0 kg/hm²，T2）；低磷（64 kg/hm²，T3）；高磷（128 kg/hm²，T4）；低碳低磷（450 kg/hm²+64 kg/hm²，T5）；低碳高磷（450 kg/hm²+128 kg/hm²，T6）；高碳低磷（900 kg/hm²+64 kg/hm²，T7）；高碳高磷（900 kg/hm²+128 kg/hm²，T8）。结果表明：T5处理水稻产量（9 901±682） kg/hm²与T8处理（10 134±260） kg/hm²无显著差异，而两者显著高于其他处理；2016年T5与T8处理其肥料农学利用效率无显著差异，但两者显著高于其他处理；T5处理分蘖效率为700%，而T8处理分蘖效率为680%，两者无显著差异，而有效分蘖数有相同趋势，各处理有效分蘖效率无显著差异（81%~88%，2015年）；2016年T3、T8处理有效分蘖效率为78%，75%；而其他处理有效分蘖效率稳定在82%~88%。低磷处理时，分蘖期土壤全磷含量低碳添加显著低于无碳或高碳时，后两者无显著差异；T5处理时土壤全磷含量在整个生育期内无显著变化；高磷处理时，低碳或高碳添加在水稻分蘖期与孕穗期土壤全磷与无碳时无显著差异，且随生育期降低，表明该磷肥水平下，磷有较强淋洗风险。无论低磷或高磷处理，相对分蘖期，孕穗期或齐穗期时高碳添加土壤有效磷含量降低，且在T6处理时表现相同趋势，而在同一年份T5处理在后2个生育期内差异不显著；齐穗期时T5及T8土壤微生物量磷为（17.8，19.6 mg/kg，2015年）、（19.2，22.4 mg/kg，2016年），但两者无显著差异，且高于其他处理，表明碳添加能够对各生育期内土壤微生物量磷进行调节。在滨海盐渍化土壤水稻种植中，施用有机肥450 kg/hm²及磷肥（P₂O₅）64 kg/hm²时水稻产量最优、磷淋洗风险低。

关键词: 盐渍化土壤, 水稻, 磷肥, 微生物量磷, 土壤有效磷

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable proportion of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for rice planting in coastal saline soil,the effect of organic manure and phosphorus fertilizer on the rice yield,effective tillering,net photosynthetic rate,phosphorus turnover agronomy efficiency were investigated in 2015-2016 year,which was to choose the best formula of the organic manure and phosphorus supply in the coastal saline soil for rice.The micro zone test was adopted with two factors and 8 treatments,phosphate fertilizer (3 P (P₂O₅) levels:P0,0 kg/ha; P1,64 kg/ha,and P2,128 kg/ha) and organic fertilizer (3 C levels:C0,no organic fertilizer; C1,450 kg/ha(organic fertilizer 1 000 kg/ha); C2,900 kg/ha (organic fertilizer 2 000 kg/ha).Which were CK(no fertilization T1); No phosphate(0 kg/ha,T2); Low phosphate(64 kg/ha,T3); High phosphate(128 kg/ha,T4); Low carbon and low phosphate(450 kg/ha+64 kg/ha,T5); Low carbon and High phosphate(450 kg/ha+128 kg/ha,T6); High carbon and Low phosphate(900 kg/ha+64 kg/ha,T7);High carbon and High phosphate(900 kg/ha+128 kg/ha,T8).Results revealed that,there was no significant difference in T5 (9 901±682)kg/ha and T8(10 134±260 kg/ha) treatment,which was significantly higher than other treatment,for the yield of rice.The fertilizer use efficient of T5 and T8 treatments were not significant difference, but both were significantly higher than other treatments in 2016 year. The tillering efficiency of T5 treatment was of 700%, and that of T8 treatment was of 680%, and there was no significant difference between them, but the effective tillering number had the same trend. There was no significant difference in the effective tillering efficiency between treatments (81%-88% in 2015). In 2016, the effective tillering efficiency of T3 and T8 were 78% and 75%, respectively, while the effective tillering efficiency of other treatments was stable at 82%-88%. Low phosphorus treatment, the soil total phosphorus amount in tillering stage low carbon was significantly lower than no carbon or high carbon treatment, and the latter two treatments was no significant difference. The soil total P content was no significant change during the whole growth period of T5 treatment. In tillering stage and booting stage soil total phosphorus amount of the high P treatment, whether low carbon or high carbon treatment was no significant difference with no carbon, and with the growth period decreased which indicated that the phosphate fertilizer level, phosphorus has a strong risk of leaching. Regardless of low phosphate or high phosphorus treatments, the content of available P in high carbon soil decreased at tillering stage, booting stage or heading stage, and showed the same trend at T6 treatment. However, in the same two years after T5 treatment, the difference was not significant. Soil microbial biomass phosphorus at T5 and T8 at heading stage was (17.8, 19.6 mg/kg, 2015), (19.2, 22.4 mg/kg, 2016), but there was no significant difference between them, and higher than other treatments, which indicated that carbon addition could regulate soil microbial biomass phosphorus in different growth stages. In coastal saline land paddy rice planting, the yield of rice was the best when the application of 450 kg/ha of organic manure and 64 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer (P₂O₅), and the risk of phosphorus leaching was low.

Key words: Saline soil, Rice, Phosphorus, SMBp, Soil available P

中图分类号: 

• S18