摘要： 为比较过磷酸钙和磷酸一铵作为磷肥来源对潮土磷素形态及有效性的影响，并分析其改变土壤磷素有效性的原因，采用微区试验，在潮土上设置施用过磷酸钙和磷酸一铵2种磷肥品种，分析了3个不同磷肥用量下，连续施用3 a对小麦玉米产量、磷肥偏生产力、土壤有效磷及无机磷的影响。结果表明，在3种施磷水平（P1、P2、P3）下，与施用过磷酸钙处理相比，磷酸一铵处理小麦平均产量分别增加24.9%，19.7%，22.0%，平均偏生产力分别提高31.0，16.2，13.6 kg/kg，玉米平均产量分别增加29.6%，28.7%，32.2%，平均偏生产力分别提高42.1，24.2，25.4 kg/kg，土壤有效磷平均含量分别提高9.6%，-3.4%，5.4%。磷酸一铵处理土壤无机磷以Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P增加为主，其中Ca₂-P分别增加13.4%，18.5%，26.1%，Ca₈-P分别增加17.2%，21.3%，15.8%，与过磷酸钙处理相比，磷酸一铵处理在3种施磷水平下土壤Ca₂-P相对含量分别提高0.25，0.30，0.33百分点，Ca₈-P相对含量提高1.73，0.80，3.60百分点；过磷酸钙处理土壤无机磷以Al-P、Fe-P增加为主，其中Al-P分别增加19.1%，23.7%，23.1%，Fe-P分别增加24.9%，23.3%，32.6%，Al-P相对含量比磷酸一铵处理提高1.27，1.19，1.26百分点，Fe-P相对含量提高2.12，2.87，2.49百分点。磷酸一铵和过磷酸钙对土壤Ca₁₀-P、O-P含量无显著影响，但磷酸一铵能降低Ca₁₀-P、O-P的相对含量，分别平均减少2.47，2.07百分点。与过磷酸钙相比，磷酸一铵能够提高潮土土壤小麦玉米产量、磷肥偏生产力、土壤有效磷含量，且磷酸一铵通过提高潮土土壤中有效性高的Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P含量及相对含量，提高土壤磷素有效性。

关键词: 潮土, 磷素有效性, 磷肥种类, 无机磷, 过磷酸钙, 磷酸一铵

Abstract: This study compared the effects of superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate as phosphate fertilizer sources on the availability of phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil,and analyzed the reasons why phosphate fertilizer varieties changed the availability of phosphorus in soil.Using a micro-area experiment,two phosphate fertilizer varieties,superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate,were set on the fluvo-aquic soil,and the effects of three different phosphate fertilizer rates on wheat and corn yield,phosphate partial productivity,soil available phosphorus,and soil inorganic phosphorus were analyzed after three consecutive years.Results showed that under the three levels of phosphorus application(P1,P2,P3),compared with the application of superphosphate,the average yield of wheat in monoammonium phosphate treatment increased by 24.9%,19.7%,22.0%,and the average partial productivity increased by 31.0,16.2,13.6 kg/kg,respectively;the average yield of corn increased by 29.6%,28.7%,32.2%,and the average partial productivity increased by 42.1,24.2,25.4 kg/kg,and the average content of soil available phosphorus increased by 9.6%,-3.4%,5.4%.The inorganic phosphorus of the soil treated with monoammonium phosphate increased mainly by Ca₂-P and Ca₈-P,Ca₂-P increased by 13.4%,18.5%,26.1%,and Ca₈-P increased by 17.2%,21.3%,and 15.8%.Compared with superphosphate treatment,the relative content of Ca₂-P in soil treated with monoammonium phosphate increased by 0.25, 0.30, 0.33 percentage points,and the relative content of Ca₈-P increased by 1.73, 0.80, 3.60 percentage points under the three phosphorus application levels.Superphosphate treatment was mainly based on the increase of Al-P and Fe-P,Al-P increased by 19.1%,23.7%,23.1%,and Fe-P increased by 24.9%,23.3%,32.6%.The relative content of Al-P in soil treated with superphosphate was increased by 1.27, 1.19, 1.26 percentage points,and the relative content of Fe-P was increased by 2.12, 2.87, 2.49 percentage points,compared with monoammonium phosphate treatment.Monoammonium phosphate and superphosphate had no significant effect on soil Ca₁₀-P and O-P content,but monoammonium phosphate could reduce the relative content of Ca₁₀-P and O-P by 2.47, 2.07 percentage points respectively.Compared with superphosphate treatment,monoammonium phosphate can increase the yield of wheat and corn,the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer,and the soil available phosphorus content in fluvo-aquic soil.Monoammonium phosphate improves the availability of soil phosphorus by increasing the content and relative content of Ca₂-P and Ca₈-P,which are highly available in fluvo-aquic soil.

Key words: Fluvo-aquic soil, Phosphorus availability, Phosphate fertilizer varieties, Inorganic phosphorus, Superphosphate, Monoammonium phosphate

中图分类号: 

• S158.5