长期不同施肥对黄潮土区玉米产量稳定性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2016.06.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析黄潮土区玉米产量稳定性对不同施肥方式的响应，为黄潮土区合理施肥管理、改善农田生态系统质量提供依据。以21年长期定位试验为研究平台，通过研究玉米的平均产量、产量年际波动及土壤养分状况对8种施肥方式（CK、N、NP、NPK、M、MN、MNP、MNPK）的响应，比较不同施肥方式下玉米产量稳定性的优劣及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：与CK处理相比，施肥处理产量均有显著增加。从21年产量平均值来看，以有机无机配施处理（MN、MNP、MNPK）平均产量最高，为7 240～7 503 kg/hm²；NPK处理次之，与当年CK处理相比，增产率为139.57%。N处理导致玉米产量变异系数（CV）偏高、可持续性产量指数（SYI）偏低，产量稳定性最低；有机无机配施处理的CV最低、SYI最高，产量稳定性最高，而M处理的产量稳定性和生产可持续性不及处理NPK。施肥处理肥料贡献率逐年递增，以有机无机配施处理贡献率最高，平均贡献率为59.59%～60.88%。在土壤养分方面，有机无机配施处理明显提高土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量，且这些养分指标与玉米产量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。因此，黄潮土区有机无机配施为最佳施肥方式，土壤养分供应较均衡，稳定性最佳，农田生态系统质量最优。

关键词: 黄潮土, 长期施肥, 玉米, 产量

Abstract: This research was conducted to reveal the stability difference and dynamic of maize yield to long-term fertilization in yellow fluvo-aquic soil,and to provide scientific references for establishing the optimal fertilization pattern and promoting the sustainable production of maize.Based on long-term fertilization experiment in Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province,the trend of change in maize average yield,annual fluctuation of maize yield and soil nutrients content in eight fertilization patterns were investigated:no fertilizer (CK),N fertilizer (N),combined N and P fertilizer (NP),combined N,P and K fertilizer (NPK),organic manure (M),N fertilizer and organic manure(MN),combination of N,P and organic manure (MNP),combination of N,P,K and organic manure (MNPK).It was discovered that fertilizer application could significantly increase maize yield,compared to CK treatment.In respect of maize average yield of 21 years,application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (MN,MNP,MNPK) were higher than other fertilization treatments,with 7 240-7 503 kg/ha;NPK took the second place,by increasing 139.57% of that in the non-fertilization treatment.Compared with CK,N enhanced the coefficient of variation (CV) and reduced sustainable yield index (SYI),which made yield stability the worst;the maize yield stability of MN,MNP,MNPK were better than NPK which was better than M.The contribution ratio of fertilizer had been increasing since 1981,and the MN,MNP,MNPK were the higher than other treatment,with average of 59.59%-60.88%.The fertilizer treatment of MN,MNP,MNPK could obvious increase the content of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil.The contents of total nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with yield in yellow fluvo-aquic soil (P<0.01).In a word,application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is the best fertilization mode in yellow fluvo-aquic soil region,which made soil nutrient more balanced,maize yield more stable and agricultural ecosystem quality better.

Key words: Yellow fluvo-aquic soil, Long-term fertilization, Maize, Yield

中图分类号:

S158
S513

魏猛, 张爱君, 诸葛玉平, 李洪民, 唐忠厚, 陈晓光. 长期不同施肥对黄潮土区玉米产量稳定性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2016, 31(6): 171-176. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.06.027.

WEI Meng, ZHANG Aijun, ZHUGE Yuping, LI Hongmin, TANG Zhonghou, CHEN Xiaoguang. Effect of Long-term Different Fertilization on Maize Yield Stability in Yellow Fluvo-aquic Soil Region[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2016, 31(6): 171-176. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.06.027.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2016/V31/I6/171

参考文献

[1] 何萍,徐新朋,仇少君,等. 我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效应分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6):1387-1394.
[2] 奚振邦.关于化肥对作物产量贡献的评估问题[J].磷肥与复肥,2004,19(3):68-71.
[3] 李红莉,张卫峰,张福锁,等. 中国主要粮食作物化肥施用量与效率变化分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(5):1136-1143.
[4] 李忠芳,徐明岗,张会民,等.长期施肥下中国主要粮食作物产量的变化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(7):2407-2414.
[5] 李秀英,李燕婷,赵秉强,等.褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(5):683-689.
[6] Manna M C,Swarup A,Wanjari R H,et al.Long-term fertilization,manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,94(2):397-409.
[7] 陈欢,曹承富,孔令聪,等.长期施肥下淮北砂姜黑土区小麦产量稳定性研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(13):2580-2590.
[8] 鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业出版,2000:169-172.
[9] 刘艳,汪仁,邢月华,等. 连续施氮对玉米产量稳定性及其增产潜力的调控[J]. 土壤通报, 2016, 47(2):425-429.
[10] Tirol-Padre A,Ladha J K.Integrating rice and wheat productivity trends using the SAS mixed-procedure and meta-analysis[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(1):75-88.
[11] 高洪军,彭畅,张秀芝,等.长期不同施肥对东北黑土区玉米产量稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4790-4799.
[12] 王道中,花可可,郭志彬.长期施肥对砂姜黑土作物产量及土壤物理性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4781-4789.
[13] Piepho H P.Methods for comparing the yield stability of cropping systems-A review[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science-Zeitschrift Fur Acker Und Pflanzenbau,1998,180(4):193-213.
[14] 李忠芳,徐明岗,张会民,等.长期施肥和不同生态条件下我国作物产量可持续性特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(5):1264-1269.
[15] 李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[16] 黄欠如,胡锋,李辉信,等.红壤性水稻土施肥的产量效应及与气候、地力的关系[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):926-933.
[17] 吴萍萍,刘金剑,周毅,等.长期不同施肥制度对红壤稻田肥料利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(2):277-283.
[18] 俞建飞.长期定位施肥对不同品质类型小麦籽粒产量与品质的效应研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[19] 马俊永,李科江,曹彩云,等.有机-无机肥长期配施对潮土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):236-241.
[20] Girma K,Holtz S L,Arnall D B,et al.The magruder plots:Untangling the puzzle[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,99(5):1191-1198.
[21] 王伟妮,鲁剑巍,李银水, 等. 当前生产条件下不同作物施肥效果和肥料贡献率研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(19):3997-4007.
[22] 俄胜哲,杨志奇,罗照霞,等.长期施肥对黄土高原区小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(1):104-110.
[23] 刘艳,汪仁,邢月华.连续施氮对玉米产量稳定性及其增产潜力的调控[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):425-429.
[24] 宋永林,唐华俊,李小平.长期施肥对作物产量及褐潮土有机质变化的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2007,22(S1):100-105.
[25] 马力,杨林章,沈明星,等.基于长期定位试验的典型稻麦轮作区作物产量稳定性研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):117-124.
[26] 杨生茂,李凤民,索东让,等.长期施肥对绿洲农田土壤生产力及土壤硝态氮积累的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(10):2043-2052.
[27] 郝小雨,周宝库,马星竹,等.长期不同施肥措施下黑土作物产量与养分平衡特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):178-185.
[28] 温延臣,李燕青,袁亮,等.长期不同施肥制度土壤肥力特征综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):91-99.
[29] Smith P.Carbon sequestration in croplands:the potential in Europe and the global context[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2004,20(3):229-236.
[30] 林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2809-2819.
[31] 张丽敏,徐明岗,娄翼来,等.长期施肥下黄壤性水稻土有机碳组分变化特征[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(19):3817-3825.
[32] 王朔林,王改兰,赵旭,等.长期施肥对栗褐土有机碳含量及其组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):104-111.
[33] 陈欢,李玮,张存岭,等.淮北砂姜黑土酶活性对长期不同施肥模式的相应[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(3):495-502.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容