秸秆还田与优化施氮对稻田土壤碳氮含量及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751345

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对滨海盐碱地稻田土壤有机质较低、氮肥投入过量，采用田间微区试验研究了秸秆还田与优化施氮对稻田土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、有机碳、可溶性有机碳、微生物碳氮含量及水稻生长特征的影响。设秸秆还田与氮肥两因素，3个碳（秸秆还田）水平：C0：无秸秆还田；C1：秸秆还田4 500 kg/hm²；C2：秸秆还田9 000 kg/hm²；2个氮水平：N1：255 kg/hm²（优化施氮）；N2：400 kg/hm²（农民传统施氮）。结果表明，与C0、C1处理相比，C2处理时土壤有机碳含量分别增加了100.46%，28.06%；分蘖期时C2N2处理土壤全氮含量最高，而成熟期C1N1处理土壤全氮含量最高；秸秆还田与优化氮肥显著增加了DOC （可溶性有机碳）含量，分蘖期与成熟期土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量均以C1N1最高，分蘖期与成熟期时，与未秸秆还田相比，土壤微生物量碳、氮含量显著增加，且C1N1、C1N2处理含量最高；秸秆还田量4 500 kg/hm²与氮肥施用量255 kg/hm²处理可有效增加水稻二次枝梗数、千粒质量、结实率及水稻产量，且高于其余处理。与农民传统施肥管理（C0N2）相比，秸秆还田与优化施氮（C1N1）处理水稻产量提高19.02%，且显著提高滨海盐碱地稻田土壤碳氮含量。

关键词: 水稻, 盐渍化土壤, 秸秆还田, 氮肥, 微生物量碳, 微生物量氮

Abstract: In view of the low organic matter and excessive nitrogen fertilizer input in paddy field of coastal saline-alkali soil, a field plot experiment was conducted to study the influences of straw returning and optimization nitrogen fertilizer on total nitrogen contents(TN), organic carbon contents(SOC), dissolvable organic carbon contents(DOC), ammonium nitrogen contents(NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen contents(NO₃^--N), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents(MBC and MBN)of soil and the growth characteristics of rice. The experiment was designed with two factors:3 straw returning levels(C0:no straw returning, C1:straw returning 4 500 kg/ha, C2:straw returning 9 000 kg/ha)and 2 nitrogen fertilizer levels(Optimized nitrogen application:N1:255 kg/ha and Farmer's traditional nitrogen application:N2:400 kg/ha).The results showed that, compared with C0 and C1 treatments, the organic carbon content of soil increased by 100.46% and 28.06%, respectively, in C2 treatment. At tillering stage, the TN content of soil in C2N2 treatment was the highest, and at harvest stage, the TN content of soil in C1N1 treatment was the highest. The straw returning plus nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased the DOC content of soil. The NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N contents of soil were the highest in C1N1 treatment at tillering and harvest stages. Compared with no straw returning, the soil MBC and MBN contents increased significantly at tillering and harvest stages, and the highest came from the C1N1 and C1N2 treatments. The combination of 4 500 kg/ha straw returning with 255 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the secondary branches, 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate and yield of rice, which was higher than other treatments. Compared with farmer's traditional fertilization(C0N2), straw returning plus optimized nitrogen application(C1N1)increased the rice yield by 19.02%, and significantly improved the soil C and N content of paddy field in coastal saline soil.

Key words: Rice, Saline soil, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, SMBC, SMBN

中图分类号:

S143.1
S18

吴立鹏, 张士荣, 娄金华, 魏立兴, 孙泽强, 刘盛林, 丁效东. 秸秆还田与优化施氮对稻田土壤碳氮含量及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(4): 158-166. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751345.

WU Lipeng, ZHANG Shirong, LOU Jinhua, WEI Lixing, SUN Zeqiang, LIU Shenglin, DING Xiaodong. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil C and N Content and Yield of Rice[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(4): 158-166. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751345.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I4/158

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