氮钾肥用量对皖南烤烟生长发育及养分吸收的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751224

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为寻求皖南烟区烟叶生产合理施肥的理论依据，设置了不同氮肥用量和不同钾肥用量的田间小区试验，分析了烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累、养分吸收和肥料利用效率的变化特征。结果表明，随着氮肥用量的增加，烤烟株高、叶片数、上中下部叶的叶长和叶宽明显增加；烤烟冠根比和各器官干物质积累量增加；烤烟根、茎、叶片的氮积累量和钾积累量增加；氮肥用量和烤烟整株氮含量表现为显著正相关，和烤烟整株氮积累量及钾积累量表现为极显著正相关；氮肥利用率没有变化，而氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力显著增加。随着钾肥用量的增加，烤烟农艺性状没有明显变化；烤烟根系中的氮含量，茎和叶片中的钾含量增加，而整株的干物质积累量、氮积累量和钾积累量无明显变化；钾肥用量仅与整株钾含量表现为极显著正相关；各处理间钾肥利用率相对较低，不同钾肥用量间，以钾肥用量最低处理的钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力为最高。在本试验中，随着氮肥用量的增加，整株的干物质积累和养分积累量持续增加，氮肥利用率上升，施用氮肥增产效果较明显；随着钾肥用量的增加，整株的干物质积累和养分积累量无显著变化，结合烟叶钾含量和钾肥利用率的结果，皖南烟区适宜钾肥用量存在下降的空间。

关键词: 烤烟, 氮肥, 钾肥, 生长发育, 肥料利用率, 养分积累量

Abstract: In order to set up the basic theory for rational fertilization technology of tobacco in Southern Anhui Province,we analyzed the changes of agronomic characters,dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption and fertilizer use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco under different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rates. The result showed that high nitrogen fertilizer rate caused the increment of plant height,leaf number,leaf length and leaf width of tobacco at different positions. The dry matter accumulation in different organs and the ratio of shoot to root also increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate also increased the nitrogen and potassium accumulation in roots,stems and leaves. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with the whole plant nitrogen concentration,and had significantly positive correlation with the total nitrogen and potassium accumulation. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount,the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer did not change significantly,but the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly. The increase of potassium fertilizer had no significant effect on the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco. High potassium fertilizer rate caused the increment of nitrogen concentration in roots,and potassium concentration in stems and leaves,but the dry matter accumulation and nutrition accumulation in different organs were not influenced by potassium fertilizer rate. The amount of potassium fertilizer was only positively correlated with the whole plant potassium concentration. The utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was relatively low among the treatments. Among the treatments with the lowest application rate of potassium fertilizer,the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer,the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of potassium fertilizer were the highest. In the experiment,the dry matter accumulation and the nutrition accumulation in whole plant,and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased significantly with the increment of nitrogen application rate. Applying nitrogen fertilizer had obvious effect on the increase of yield. With the increase of potassium fertilizer,there was no significant change in dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation. According to the results of leaf potassium concentration and the potassium fertilizer use efficiency,the potassium application rate should be reduced in Southern Anhui Province.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Nitrogen, Potassium, Growth and development, Fertilizer use efficiency, Nutrition accumulation

中图分类号:

S572
S143.3

张硕, 沈晗, 裴洲洋, 汤潮起, 陈油鸿, 张继光, 王晓琳, 张爽, 丁效东, 闫慧峰. 氮钾肥用量对皖南烤烟生长发育及养分吸收的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(4): 167-173. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751224.

ZHANG Shuo, SHEN Han, PEI Zhouyang, TANG Chaoqi, CHEN Youhong, ZHANG Jiguang, WANG Xiaolin, ZHANG Shuang, DING Xiaodong, YAN Huifeng. Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Application Rates on Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Southern Anhui Province[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(4): 167-173. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751224.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I4/167

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