摘要： 为了提高玉米全生育期氮素利用率和玉米产量，为黑龙江地区玉米高产氮肥运筹模式提供参考，以玉米品种先玉335和天农9为试材，研究了相同施氮量下不同氮肥基追比（CK：空白对照；T1：50%基肥+50%开花肥；T2：30%基肥+40%拔节肥+30%开花肥；T3：20%基肥+60%拔节肥+20%开花肥；T4：10%基肥+60%拔节肥+30%开花肥）对玉米土壤无机氮含量变化、氮素平衡、不同生育时期氮素积累、氮素利用效率和玉米产量影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，T2、T3、T4有效提高了灌浆期-成熟期土壤耕层无机氮含量；对于氮素平衡，T2、T3、T4较T1处理显著降低了氮素表观损失量，其中T4氮素表观损失量最低。与T1相比，氮肥基追比T2、T3、T4显著提高了玉米开花期-成熟期氮积累量，其中灌浆期-成熟期氮积累量以T4处理最高；与T1相比，T2、T3、T4显著提高了玉米氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力，提高幅度依次为16.66%~22.47%，17.80%~35.76%，4.93%~9.90%（先玉335）和6.55%~24.46%，8.23%~36.94%，2.02%~5.44%（天农9）。氮肥基追比T2、T3、T4的产量显著高于传统施氮处理T1，其中T3的产量最高，较T1相比分别提高9.90%（先玉335）和8.86%（天农9）。综上所述，在本试验条件下，总施氮量210 kg/hm²时，20%基肥+60%拔节肥+20%开花肥为最佳氮肥基追比。

关键词: 玉米, 氮肥基追比, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract: In order to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and corn yield during the whole growth period of maize, it provides a reference for the high-yield nitrogen fertilizer operation model of maize in Heilongjiang Area. Ratio (CK:blank control; T1:50% base fertilizer+50% flowering fertilizer; T2:30% base fertilizer+40% jointing fertilizer+30% flowering fertilizer; T3:20% base fertilizer+60% jointing fertilizer+20% flowering fertilizer; T4:10% basal fertilizer+60% jointing fertilizer+30% flowering fertilizer) on the change of soil inorganic nitrogen content, nitrogen balance, nitrogen accumulation at different growth stages, nitrogen use efficiency and corn yield. The results showed that compared with the control group, T2, T3, and T4 effectively increased the inorganic nitrogen content of the soil plow layer during the filling stage and the mature stage; in terms of nitrogen balance, T2, T3, and T4 were significant difference than the T1 treatment. Reduced the apparent nitrogen loss, of which T4 apparent nitrogen loss was the lowest; compared with T1, reducing the ratio of nitrogen to topdressing significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation during the flowering-maturity period, and the nitrogen accumulation during the filling-maturity period T4 was the highest treatment; compared with T1, T2, T3, and T4 significantly increased the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of maize, and the increase ranges was 16.66%-22.47%, 17.80%-35.76%, 4.93%-9.90% (Xianyu 335) and 6.55%-24.46%, 8.23%-36.94%, 2.02%-5.44% (Tiannong 9); reducing the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to topdressing (T2, T3, T4) yields significantly higher than the traditional nitrogen application treatment T1, T3 had the highest yield, which was 9.90% (Xianyu 335) and 8.86% (Tiannong 9) compared with T1. In summary, under the experimental conditions, when the total nitrogen application rate was 210 kg/ha, 20% basal fertilizer+60% jointing fertilizer+20% flowering fertilizer was the best nitrogen basal dressing ratio.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen fertilizer ratio, Yield, Nitrogen efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S143.1