摘要： 旨在探究甘薯贮藏的调控手段，为调控甘薯贮藏提供理论依据。从肥料入手，以商薯19、心香2个品种为试验材料，通过控制一定量的氮肥和磷肥，并施用不同梯度的钾肥，统一收获后挑选大小一致且无破损的甘薯，放置于14℃，湿度为85%的冷库中贮藏，并在贮藏期0，15，30，60，90 d进行取样制样，分别测定其腐烂率及其细胞壁成分和酶活性，从而探究不同的施钾量对甘薯腐烂率及其细胞壁成分和降解酶活性的影响。结果表明，不同施钾量处理后的甘薯贮藏期间出现不同程度的腐烂，其中商薯19施钾量为150 kg/hm²（商薯19 K₂）和心香施钾量为225 kg/hm²（心香K₃）在90 d内耐贮性表现较好，腐烂率最低，分别为18.25%，23.00%，且商薯19 K₂具有较高的纤维素含量，其含量高达80.63 mg/g。心香K₃的原果胶含量显著高于其他处理，平均高1.14%，且其β-Gal酶活性较其他处理显著较低。对于甘薯施用中钾处理能减缓甘薯细胞壁成分的降解，提高其细胞壁完整性的保持能力，从而降低腐烂率。

关键词: 甘薯, 钾肥, 贮藏, 细胞壁酶, 腐烂率, 细胞壁成分

Abstract: This article aims to explore the control methods of sweetpotato storage and provide a theoretical basis for regulating sweetpotato storage.Pre-production regulation is an important part of sweetpotato storage regulation, and fertilization is one of the important means of pre-production regulation. This study starts with fertilizer and uses two varieties of Shangshu 19 and Xinxiang as experimental materials. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, and applying different gradients of potassium fertilizer. After uniform harvesting, select sweetpotatoes with the same size and no damage, and store them in a cold storage at 14℃ and 85% humidity. Samples were taken during the storage period of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 days, and the decay rate, cell wall composition and enzyme activity were measured respectively, so as to explore the effect of different potassium application on the decay rate, cell wall composition and degrading enzymes of sweetpotato. The results of the study showed that the sweetpotatoes with different potassium application rates showed different degrees of decay during storage. Among them, the potassium application rate of Shangshu 19 was 150 kg/ha(Shangshu 19 K₂)and the potassium application rate of Xinxiang was 225 kg/ha(Xinxiang K₃), which had better storability and the lowest rot rate. Respectively, 18.25% and 23.00%, and Shangshu 19 K₂ had a higher cellulose content, which was as high as 80.63 mg/g, the original pectin content of Xinxiang K₃ is significantly higher than other treatments, with an average of up to 1.14%, and β-Gal enzyme activity is significantly lower than other treatments. Applying potassium treatment to sweetpotato can slow down the degradation of sweetpotato cell wall components and improve the ability to maintain the integrity of the cell wall, thereby reducing the rate of decay.

Key words: Sweetpotato, Potash fertilizer, Storage, Cell wall enzymes, Decay rate, Cell wall components

中图分类号: 

• S143.3