不同贮藏年限莜麦种子生理特性变化及遗传物质畸变研究

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193229

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确莜麦贮藏过程中生理特性和遗传物质的变化规律。以晋燕8号、晋燕17号、坝莜1号为试材,测定了不同贮藏年限莜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,镜检统计遗传物质畸变的细胞数量。结果表明:莜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势随着贮藏年限的延长而下降,贮藏8 a坝莜1号降幅最大,分别降低80.84,88.02百分点;莜麦种子MDA的含量随着贮藏年限的延长而增加,贮藏8 a晋燕8号增幅最大,提高5.68倍;莜麦种子SOD、CAT、POD和PPO活性随着贮藏年限的延长而减弱,贮藏8 a坝莜1号减幅最大分别是84.66%,74.38%,54.09%,81.44%;莜麦种子遗传物质发生畸变的细胞数量随着贮藏年限延长而增多,3个品种贮藏8 a平均增加11.87倍。发芽率与MDA含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、PPO活性、畸变细胞数量极显著相关(P<0.01),畸变细胞数量与MDA含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、PPO活性极显著相关(P<0.01)。坝莜1号耐贮藏最好,晋燕17次之,晋燕8号最差。莜麦种子发芽率、发芽势随着贮藏年限延长而下降,SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活性随着贮藏年限延长而减弱,MDA的含量、畸变细胞数量随着贮藏年限延长而上升;SOD、CAT、POD活性是种子生存的必须酶,但不是种子发芽的关键酶。

关键词: 莜麦, 贮藏年限, 生理特性, 遗传物质畸变

Abstract:

In order to explore the changes of physiological characteristics and genetic materials of naked oats during storage, the germination rate, germination potential, malondialdehyde(MDA)content, peroxidase dismutase(SOD)activity, catalase(CAT)activity, peroxidase(POD)activity and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity of naked oats seeds with different storage years were measured. The number of cells with genetic material distortion was counted by microscopic examination.The results showed that the germination rate and germination potential of naked oats seeds decreased with the extension of storage years.After storage for 8 years,Bayou 1 decreased by 86.42 and 96.92 percentage points;the content of MDA in naked oats seeds increased with the extension of storage years,and the maximum increase of Jinyan 8 was 5.68 times;the activities of SOD,CAT,POD and PPO of naked oats seeds decreased with the extension of storage years.After 8 years of storage,Bayou 1 decreased the most,which were 84.66%,74.38%,54.09% and 81.44% respectively;the number of cells with genetic material distortion in naked oats increased with the extension of storage years,and the average increase of the three varieties for 8 years was 11.87 times.The germination rate was significantly correlated with MDA content,SOD activity,CAT activity,POD activity,PPO activity and the number of aberrant cells(P<0.01),and the number of aberrant cells was significantly correlated with MDA content,SOD activity,CAT activity,POD activity and PPO activity(P<0.01).Bayou 1 had the best storage resistance,Jinyan 17 was the second,and Jinyan 8 was the worst.The germination rate and germination potential of naked oats decreased with the extension of storage years,the activities of SOD,CAT,POD and PPO decreased with the extension of storage years,and the content of MDA and the number of distorted cells increased with the extension of storage years;SOD,CAT and POD activities are essential enzymes for seed survival,but not the key enzymes for seed germination.

Key words: Naked oats, Storage life, Physiological characteristics, Genetic material distortion

张巧仙, 李强, 刘晓洁, 唐宇. 不同贮藏年限莜麦种子生理特性变化及遗传物质畸变研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 44-50. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193229.

ZHANG Qiaoxian, LI Qiang, LIU Xiaojie, TANG Yu. Changes of Physiological Characteristics and Genetic Material Distortion of Naked Oats Seeds with Different Storage Years[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 44-50. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193229.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/44

图/表 11

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年限 Years	晋燕8号Jinyan 8
年限 Years	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential		发芽率 Germination percentage		发芽势 Germination potential		发芽率 Germination percentage		发芽势 Germination potential
0	90.54±4.15b		90.54±4.15b		96.31±2.42a		96.31±2.42ab		93.54±2.66a		90.88±2.12a
1	97.89±2.67a		97.89±2.67a		99.13±0.85a		99.13±0.85a		92.92±3.87a		92.92±3.87a
2	83.49±3.15b		83.49±3.15c		90.33±2.43b		90.33±2.43b		92.80±3.54a		92.80±3.54ab
3	73.41±5.89c		72.32±5.18d		78.33±3.21c		77.00±2.66c		88.57±2.46a		88.57±2.46b
8	30.54±2.56d		25.21±2.36e		41.39±3.87d		34.91±6.88d		12.70±7.73b		2.86±3.33c

年限 Years	晋燕8号Jinyan 8
年限 Years	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential		发芽率 Germination percentage		发芽势 Germination potential		发芽率 Germination percentage		发芽势 Germination potential
0	90.54±4.15b		90.54±4.15b		96.31±2.42a		96.31±2.42ab		93.54±2.66a		90.88±2.12a
1	97.89±2.67a		97.89±2.67a		99.13±0.85a		99.13±0.85a		92.92±3.87a		92.92±3.87a
2	83.49±3.15b		83.49±3.15c		90.33±2.43b		90.33±2.43b		92.80±3.54a		92.80±3.54ab
3	73.41±5.89c		72.32±5.18d		78.33±3.21c		77.00±2.66c		88.57±2.46a		88.57±2.46b
8	30.54±2.56d		25.21±2.36e		41.39±3.87d		34.91±6.88d		12.70±7.73b		2.86±3.33c

品种 Varieties	0		1		2		3		8
品种 Varieties	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential
晋燕8号Jinyan 8	90.54±4.15b	90.54±4.15b	97.89±2.67ab	97.89±2.67a	83.49±3.15b	83.49±3.15c	73.41±5.89c	72.32±5.18d	30.54±2.56d	25.21±2.36e
晋燕17号Jinyan 17	96.31±2.43a	96.31±2.42ab	99.13±0.85a	99.13±0.85a	90.33±2.43b	90.33±2.43b	78.33±3.21c	77.00±2.66c	41.39±3.87d	34.91±6.88d
坝莜1号Bayou 1	93.54±2.66a	93.54±2.66a	92.92±3.87a	92.92±3.87ab	92.80±3.54a	92.80±3.54ab	88.57±2.46a	88.57±2.46b	12.70±7.73b	2.86±3.33c

品种 Varieties	0		1		2		3		8
品种 Varieties	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential
晋燕8号Jinyan 8	90.54±4.15b	90.54±4.15b	97.89±2.67ab	97.89±2.67a	83.49±3.15b	83.49±3.15c	73.41±5.89c	72.32±5.18d	30.54±2.56d	25.21±2.36e
晋燕17号Jinyan 17	96.31±2.43a	96.31±2.42ab	99.13±0.85a	99.13±0.85a	90.33±2.43b	90.33±2.43b	78.33±3.21c	77.00±2.66c	41.39±3.87d	34.91±6.88d
坝莜1号Bayou 1	93.54±2.66a	93.54±2.66a	92.92±3.87a	92.92±3.87ab	92.80±3.54a	92.80±3.54ab	88.57±2.46a	88.57±2.46b	12.70±7.73b	2.86±3.33c

因素 Factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	发芽率 Germination percentage	发芽势 Germination potential	MDA含量 MDA content	SOD活性 SOD activity	CAT活性 CAT activity	POD活性 POD activity	PPO活性 PPO activity	畸变细胞 Aberrant cell
品种Varieties	2	13.147^***	10.058^***	19.165^***	12.032^***	8.595^**	22.022^***	0.853ns	3.427^*
年限 Year	4	631.835^***	695.913^***	100.949^***	245.981^***	78.812^***	65.944^***	53.087^***	61.040^***
品种×贮藏年限Varieties×year	8	16.276^***	15.613^***	4.455^**	10.121^***	2.728^*	1.326ns	1.131ns	3.910^**

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