华北农学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190343

所属专题: 水稻

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮水平下晚稻品种响应抽穗扬花期低温的产量及生理差异

曹超豪, 沈天花, 施翔, 熊强强, 陈小荣, 贺浩华   

  1. 江西农业大学 农学院,作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心, 双季稻现代化生产协同中心,江西 南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-15 出版日期:2020-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈小荣(1972-),男,江西樟树人,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物生理与育种研究。
  • 作者简介:曹超豪(1994-),男,江西南昌人,在读硕士,主要从事水稻生理与遗传育种研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31360309;31471441)

Yield and Physiological Differences of Late Rice Varieties in Response to Low Temperature at Heading and Flowering Stage under Different Nitrogen Levels

CAO Chaohao, SHEN Tianhua, SHI Xiang, XIONG Qiangqiang, CHEN Xiaorong, HE Haohua   

  1. College of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology, Jiangxi Province, Ollaboration Center for Double-season Rice Modernization Production, Nanchang 330045, China
  • Received:2019-11-15 Published:2020-04-28

摘要: 为探究不同氮水平下晚稻抽穗扬花期低温的产量及生理差异,以3个晚稻品种黄华占、荣优225、H优518为材料,设置低氮,N1;正常氮,N2;高氮,N3;超高氮,N4 4个处理。结果表明,低温条件下,3个品种不同氮肥处理的单株产量以N2处理最高,且H优518的单株产量最高,其次为荣优225,黄华占最低;3个品种在N1处理下的产量均最低,主要是单株有效穗较低导致的;不同品种N3、N4的单株产量低于N2是由于结实率较低所导致。3个品种穗部干物质积累N3处理较N2处理均有不同幅度上升,其中以H优518上升幅度最小。低温后,N2处理的包颈率以黄华占最高。低温来临后,3个品种叶片叶绿素含量及净光合速率的下降幅度随着施氮量的增加而增大,蒸腾速率、气孔导度也表现出类似特点。正常氮处理下,H优518叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升幅度最小,游离脯氨酸含量上升幅度最大,但过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及可溶性蛋白含量均不同程度下降,H优518降幅最小。晚稻在抽穗扬花期遇低温时产量会降低,少施氮肥虽可使水稻株产生一定的抗性效应,但产量依然最低,高氮或超高氮会使植株抵抗力严重下降,导致产量降低,且不同品种存在一定的差异性。

关键词: 晚稻, 氮肥, 抽穗扬花期, 低温, 产量, 生理特性

Abstract: In order to study the yield and physiological differences of late rice varieties in response to low temperature at heading and flowering stage under different nitrogen levels. Three late rice varieties, Huanghuazhan, Rongyou 225, Hyou 518, were used as materials. Four treatments were set up: low nitrogen, N1; normal nitrogen, N2; high nitrogen, N3; ultra high nitrogen, N4. The results showed that under low temperature conditions,the yield per plant treated by three different nitrogen fertilizers was the highest in N2 treatment,and the yield per plant in Hyou 518 was the highest,followed by Rongyou 225 and Huanghuazhan accounted for the lowest. The yield of each variety was the lowest under N1 treatment,which was mainly caused by the lower effective panicle per plant. The yield per plant of N3 treatment and N4 treatment was lower than that of N2 treatment due to the low seed setting rate. The dry matter accumulation of N3 in the panicle of the three varieties increased in different degrees compared with N2 treatment,and the increase of Hyou 518 was the smallest. After low temperature,the necking rate of N2 treatment was the highest in Huanghuazhan. At the same times,the degree of the three varieties declined in leave chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing nitrogen application rate,and the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance also showed similar characteristics. Under normal nitrogen treatment,the increase of Hyou 518 leaves malondialdehyde(MDA)content and peroxidase(POD)activity was the smallest,and the free proline content increased the most. However,the catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and soluble protein content decreased to different degrees,the decrease in Hyou 518 was the smallest. The yield of late rice decreased at low temperature at heading and flowering stage. The low nitrogen application could produce a certain resistance effect,but the yield was still the lowest. High nitrogen or ultra high nitrogen would cause the plant resistance to be seriously reduced,resulting in a decrease in yield,and there were certain differences in different varieties.

Key words: Late rice, Nitrogen fertilizer, Heading and flowering stage, Low temperature, Yield, Physiological characteristics

中图分类号: 

引用本文

曹超豪, 沈天花, 施翔, 熊强强, 陈小荣, 贺浩华. 不同氮水平下晚稻品种响应抽穗扬花期低温的产量及生理差异[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190343.

CAO Chaohao, SHEN Tianhua, SHI Xiang, XIONG Qiangqiang, CHEN Xiaorong, HE Haohua. Yield and Physiological Differences of Late Rice Varieties in Response to Low Temperature at Heading and Flowering Stage under Different Nitrogen Levels[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190343.

使用本文

0
    /   /   推荐 /   导出引用

链接本文: http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/10.7668/hbnxb.20190343

               http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I2/178