不同铵硝态氮配比对镉污染土壤青菜吸收镉和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

施用氮肥会改变土壤重金属的生物有效性,进而影响农作物对重金属的吸收。为探究施用不同铵硝态氮配比氮肥对镉(Cd)污染土壤青菜吸收Cd和氮肥利用率的影响,开展青菜盆栽试验,分析施用不同铵硝态氮配比氮肥(10∶0,8∶2,6∶4,5∶5,4∶6,2∶8,0∶10)后青菜株高和生物量、土壤无机氮含量、土壤pH值、土壤有效态Cd含量、青菜Cd含量、青菜全氮和硝态氮含量及氮肥利用率的变化。结果表明:施用氮肥显著促进了青菜生长,铵硝态氮配施处理青菜株高和生物量比单施铵态氮肥处理增加了2.5%~32.8%,45.0%~66.8%。施氮显著增加了土壤无机氮含量,铵硝态氮配施处理土壤铵态氮和碱解氮含量比单施铵态氮肥处理降低了6.6%~71.9%,10.1%~27.1%,但各施氮处理硝态氮含量差异不显著。氮肥中铵态氮比例高于硝态氮时,土壤pH值较CK处理下降了0.03~0.18个单位,土壤有效态Cd和青菜Cd含量较CK处理分别增加了3.0%~10.9%,4.3%~33.2%;硝态氮比例高于铵态氮时,土壤pH值较CK处理提高了0.11~0.62个单位,土壤有效态Cd和青菜Cd含量较CK处理分别降低了3.8%~13.1%,7.9%~17.7%,硝态氮比例越高,土壤有效态Cd和青菜Cd含量越低。各施氮处理青菜全氮含量较CK处理显著增加了38.5%~78.6%,氮肥中硝态氮比例越大,青菜硝态氮含量越高。与单施铵态氮肥处理相比,铵硝态氮配施处理的氮肥生理利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别显著增加了61.5%~125.3%,182.1%~270.1%,45.0%~66.8%。综上,施用不同铵硝态氮配比氮肥提高了土壤无机氮含量,促进了青菜生长和氮吸收,提高氮肥中硝态氮比例显著提升氮肥利用率。施用铵态氮比例占优势的氮肥提高了土壤Cd有效性,促进了青菜吸收Cd;增加氮肥中硝态氮比例,可有效抑制青菜对土壤Cd的吸收富集。

关键词: 青菜, 镉污染, 氮肥, 铵硝比, 氮肥利用率, 生物有效性

Abstract:

Application of nitrogen fertilizer can change the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil,thereby affecting heavy metal uptake by crops.To explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer with different ammonium-nitrate ratios on cadmium(Cd)uptake by pakchoi and nitrogen use efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil,a pakchoi pot experiment was conducted to examine the changes in the height and biomass of pakchoi,soil inorganic nitrogen content,soil pH,soil available Cd content,pakchoi Cd content,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in pakchoi,and the nitrogen use efficiency after applying nitrogen fertilizers with different ammonium-nitrate ratios(10∶0, 8∶2, 6∶4, 5∶5, 4∶6, 2∶8, and 0∶10).The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted pakchoi growth.The height and biomass of pakchoi in the treatments of the combined application of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers were increased by 2.5%-32.8% and 45.0%-66.8%,respectively,as compared to the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased inorganic N contents in the soil,the combined application of ammonium-nitrate nitrogen reduced the ammonium nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen content by 6.6%-71.9% and 10.1%-27.1%,as compared to the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.However,there was no significant difference in nitrate nitrogen content among the nitrogen application treatments.When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen,soil pH was decreased by 0.03-0.18,and soil available Cd content and Cd content in pakchoi were increased by 3.0%-10.9% and 4.3%-33.2%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.When the proportion of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of ammonium nitrogen,soil pH was increased by 0.11-0.62.The soil available Cd content and Cd content in pakchoi was decreased by 3.8%-13.1% and 7.9%-17.7%,respectively,as compared to the CK treatment.The higher the proportion of nitrate nitrogen,the lower the soil available Cd content and pakchoi Cd content.The total nitrogen content of pakchoi in the treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application was increased by 38.5%-78.6%,as compared to the CK treatment,the higher the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer,the higher the content of nitrate in pakchoi.Compared with the treatment of single application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer,the combined application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen significantly increased the physiological use efficiency,agronomic use efficiency,and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 61.5%-125.3%,182.1%-270.1%,and 45.0%-66.8%,respectively.In general,application of nitrogen fertilizer with different ammonium-nitrate ratios increased soil inorganic nitrogen content,promoted pakchoi growth and nitrogen uptake.Increasing the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizers significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency.Application of nitrogen fertilizer with a dominant proportion of ammonium nitrogen increased the bioavailability of Cd in soil,and promoted uptake of Cd by pakchoi.Increasing the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer can effectively inhibit the uptake and enrichment of soil Cd by pakchoi.

Key words: Pakchoi, Cadmium contamination, Nitrogen fertilizer, Ammonium-nitrate ratio, Nitrogen use efficiency, Bioavailability

中图分类号:

张君岳, 李平, 郎漫, 杭子轩, 陈柏彤, 聂浩. 不同铵硝态氮配比对镉污染土壤青菜吸收镉和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(3): 158-168. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196104.

ZHANG Junyue, LI Ping, LANG Man, HANG Zixuan, CHEN Baitong, NIE Hao. Effect of Different Ammonium-Nitrate Ratios on Cadmium Uptake by Pakchoi and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cadmium Contaminated Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 158-168. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196104.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/158

图/表 9

表1 试验处理设计

Tab.1 Experimental treatment design

处理 Treatment	铵硝比 N ${\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}$-NO₃-ratio	肥料及其施用量/(g/kg) Fertilizer and its application amount
CK	-	磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T1	10∶0	硫酸铵(0.708)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T2	8∶2	硫酸铵(0.566)+硝酸钙(0.253)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T3	6∶4	硫酸铵(0.425)+硝酸钙(0.506)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T4	5∶5	硫酸铵(0.354)+硝酸钙(0.633)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T5	4∶6	硫酸铵(0.283)+硝酸钙(0.759)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T6	2∶8	硫酸铵(0.142)+硝酸钙(1.012)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)
T7	0∶10	硝酸钙(1.265)+磷酸二氢钠(0.302)+硫酸钾(0.334)

图1 不同处理青菜株高和生物量不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2-3,5,7-8同。

Fig.1 Height and biomass of pakchoi in different treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2-3,5,7-8.

图2 不同处理土壤无机氮含量

Fig.2 Contents of soil inorganic nitrogen in different treatments

图3 不同处理土壤pH值与土壤有效态Cd含量

Fig.3 Soil pH and soil available Cd content in different treatments

图4 土壤pH与土壤有效态Cd含量间的线性回归分析

Fig.4 Linear regression analysis between soil pH and soil available Cd content

图5 不同处理青菜Cd含量

Fig.5 Cd content in pakchoi in different treatments

图6 青菜Cd含量与土壤pH值、土壤有效态Cd含量间的线性回归分析

Fig.6 Linear regression analysis between Cd content in pakchoi and soil pH,soil available Cd content

图7 不同处理青菜全氮和硝态氮含量

Fig.7 Contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in pakchoi in different treatments

图8 不同处理氮肥生理利用率、农学利用率与偏生产力

Fig.8 Physiological use efficiency,agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen in different treatments

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