氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨氮肥用量及氮肥基施与拔节期追施比例对弱筋小麦产量、品质与氮肥效率的影响,明确弱筋小麦适宜氮肥运筹措施,选用弱筋小麦品种鄂麦580为试验材料,设置氮肥用量试验和氮肥基追比试验,其中氮肥用量试验设0,90,135,180,225 kg/hm² 5个处理,氮肥基追比试验设10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7 4个处理,通过测定分析不同处理下小麦叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)、产量及产量构成因素、氮肥利用率和品质等指标,研究不同氮肥运筹模式下弱筋小麦产量、氮肥效率和品质的变化。结果显示,合理氮肥运筹可有效提高小麦光合能力,延缓叶绿素衰减,提高产量和氮肥利用率,改善小麦品质。随施氮量的增加小麦产量呈先升后降的趋势,在施氮量为180 kg/hm²,基追比为7∶3时产量最高为5 903.0 kg/hm²。在施肥量相同的情况下,随着追肥比例的增加小麦氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率呈先增后降趋势,在基追比为7∶3时3项指标均达最大值分别为:37.6%,32.8 kg/kg,12.0 kg/kg。不同的氮肥运筹模式对小麦品质指标有明显影响,籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和稳定时间均随氮肥用量的增加及氮肥的后移呈现增加趋势。综合光合特性指标、产量及产量构成指标,氮素利用率和弱筋小麦品质性状指标,施氮量为180 kg/hm²且基追比为7∶3为弱筋小麦产量、品质及氮肥利用效率协同最佳的氮肥运筹模式。

关键词: 弱筋小麦, 氮肥运筹, 产量, 氮肥利用率, 品质

Abstract:

In order to reveal the effects of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of basic application of nitrogen fertilizer to top application at jointing stage on the yield,quality and nitrogen efficiency of weak gluten wheat,and to clarify the optimal nitrogen fertilizer management measures for weak gluten wheat,the weak-gluten wheat variety Emai 580 was selected as the test material,and the nitrogen fertilizer amount experiment and nitrogen fertilizer base topdressing experiment were set up.The nitrogen fertilizer amount experiment was set up with 5 treatments of 0,90,135,180,225 kg/ha,and 4 treatments of 10∶0,7∶3,5∶5 and 3∶7 were set in the nitrogen fertilizer base topping ratio experiment.Through the determination and analysis of wheat chlorophyll content(SPAD),leaf area index(LAI),yield,yield components,nitrogen utilization rate and quality under different treatments,it was clear that different nitrogen fertilizer management modes affect the yield,nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and quality of weak gluten wheat.The results showed that reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of wheat,delay the decline of chlorophyll,increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency,and improve wheat quality.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the wheat yield increased first and then decreased.The highest yield was 5 903.0 kg/ha when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/ha and the base-dressing ratio was 7∶3.Under the same fertilization rate,nitrogen absorption and utilization rate,partial factor productivity of nitrogenand nitrogen agronomic efficiency of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of top dressing ratio.When the base-to-chasing ratio was 7∶3,the three indicators all reach their maximum values:37.6%,32.8 kg/kg,and 12.0 kg/kg.Different nitrogen fertilizer management modes had obvious effects on wheat quality indexes.The grain crude protein content,wet gluten content and stabilization time all showed an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer dosage and the backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer.Based on various indicators,the nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and the base-to-dressing ratio of 7∶3 were the optimal nitrogen fertilizer management mode for the synergy of yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of weak gluten wheat.

Key words: Weak gluten wheat, Nitrogen fertilizer management, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Quality

张子豪, 李想成, 吴昊天, 付鹏浩, 高春保, 张运波, 邹娟. 氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦产量、品质及氮素利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 214-220. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193314.

ZHANG Zihao, LI Xiangcheng, WU Haotian, FU Penghao, GAO Chunbao, ZHANG Yunbo, ZOU Juan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Weak Gluten Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 214-220. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193314.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/214

图/表 9

参考文献 27

[1]	孙雪原, 季雅岚, 吴文革, 孔令聪, 叶为发, 袁立伦, 柴新荣, 何毕. 不同氮肥运筹对江淮南部稻茬小麦产量及氮肥利用的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2020, 40(4):1-4,7. doi:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2020.04.001. doi: 10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2020.04.001
	Sun X Y, Ji Y L, Wu W G, Kong L C, Ye W F, Yuan L L, Chai X R, He B. Effect of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen utilization of wheat in rice-wheat cropping in the south of Jianghuai area[J]. Tillage and Cultivation, 2020, 40(4):1-4,7.
[2]	钟永玲, 曹慧. 中国小麦产业发展现状、调控政策及建议[J]. 农学学报, 2011, 1(12):49-54. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7774.2011.10.010. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7774.2011.10.010
	Zhong Y L, Cao H. Developmental status,regulation policy and suggestion of Chinese wheat industry[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2011, 1(12):49-54. doi: 10.47709/joa.v1i02.1712 URL
[3]	沈业松, 王歆, 顾正中, 杨子博, 詹秋文. 296份黄淮麦区小麦品种资源在江苏淮北地区的品质分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(10):1617-1623. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.10.01. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.10.01
	Shen Y S, Wang X, Gu Z Z, Yang Z B, Zhan Q W. Quality analysis of 296 wheat varieties from the Huang-Huai wheat region planted in Huaibei area of Jiangsu[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(10):1617-1623. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.10.01
[4]	李春燕, 封超年, 张影, 郭文善, 朱新开, 彭永欣. 氮肥基追比对弱筋小麦宁麦9号籽粒淀粉合成及相关酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(6):1120-1125. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2005.06.008. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2005.06.008
	Li C Y, Feng C N, Zhang Y, Guo W S, Zhu X K, Peng Y X. Effects of the ratio between basal N and top dressing N on grain starch formation in weak gluten wheat variety ningmai 9 and its enzymes activities[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(6):1120-1125.
[5]	吴培金, 闫素辉, 邵庆勤, 许峰, 张从宇, 李文阳. 施氮量对弱筋小麦籽粒品质形成的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2020, 40(10):1232-1238. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.10.10 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.10.10
	Wu P J, Yan S H, Shao Q Q, Xu F, Zhang C Y, Li W Y. Effect of nitrogen rate on grain quality of weak gluten wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2020, 40(10):1232-1238.
[6]	Foulkes M J, Hawkesford M J, Barraclough P B, Holdsworth M J, Kerr S, Kightley S, Shewry P R. Identifying traits to improve the nitrogen economy of wheat:Recent advances and future prospects[J]. Field Crops Research, 2009, 114(3):329-342. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.005. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.005 URL
[7]	Foulkes M J, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott R K. Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization of applied fertilizer nitrogen[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998, 130(1):29-44. doi:10.1017/s0021859697005029. doi: 10.1017/s0021859697005029 URL
[8]	Zhang Y, Dai X L, Jia D Y, Li H Y, Wang Y C, Li C X, Xu H C, He M R. Effects of plant density on grain yield,protein size distribution,and breadmaking quality of winter wheat grown under two nitrogen fertilisation rates[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 73:1-10. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.015. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.11.015 URL
[9]	朱统泉, 袁永刚, 曹建成, 赵立尚, 蔡春荣, 李栋业. 不同施氮方式对强筋小麦群体及产量和品质的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(1):150-152. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2006.01.034. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2006.01.034
	Zhu T Q, Yuan Y G, Cao J C, Zhao L S, Cai C R, Li D Y. Effect of the different nitrogen application methods on population,yield and quality of strong gluten wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(1):150-152.
[10]	张运红, 孙克刚, 杜君, 杜保池, 和爱玲, 丁华, 许为钢, 程小龙. 施氮水平对不同基因型优质小麦干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2017, 46(4):10-16. doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2017.04.003. doi: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2017.04.003
	Zhang Y H, Sun K G, Du J, Du B C, He A L, Ding H, Xu W G, Cheng X L. Effect of application level of nitrogen on dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of different genotypes of high-quality wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 46(4):10-16.
[11]	马尚宇, 王艳艳, 刘雅男, 姚科郡, 黄正来, 张文静, 樊永惠, 马元山. 播期、播量和施氮量对小麦干物质积累、转运和分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(3):375-385. doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190691. doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190691
	Ma S Y, Wang Y Y, Liu Y N, Yao K J, Huang Z L, Zhang W J, Fan Y H, Ma Y S. Effect of sowing date,planting density,and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation,transfer,distribution,and yield of wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(3):375-385.
[12]	葛君, 姜晓君. 施氮量对小麦旗叶光合特性、SPAD值、籽粒产量及碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 天津农业科学, 2019, 25(3):1-4. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.03.001. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.03.001
	Ge J, Jiang X J. Effects of nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics,SPAD value,grain yield and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flag leaves in wheat[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 25(3):1-4.
[13]	袁浩, 王继唯, 李赟虹, 孙坤雁, 张建发, 宋学利, 夏辉, 彭正萍. 氮肥基追比对小麦产量、土壤水氮分布及利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(5):299-307. doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.041. doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2020.05.041
	Yuan H, Wang J W, Li Y H, Sun K Y, Zhang J F, Song X L, Xia H, Peng Z P. Effects of the ratio of base-topdressing nitrogen on wheat yield,distribution and utilization of water and nitrogen in soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(5):299-307.
[14]	姚金保, 马鸿翔, 姚国才, 杨学明, 任丽娟, 张鹏, 张平平. 氮素对弱筋小麦宁麦13籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2009, 25(3):474-477. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2009.03.006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2009.03.006
	Yao J B, Ma H X, Yao G C, Yang X M, Ren L J, Zhang P, Zhang P P. Effect of nitrogen on grain yield and protein content of weak gluten wheat cultivar Ningmai 13[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 25(3):474-477.
[15]	杜世州, 曹承富, 张耀兰, 赵竹, 乔玉强, 刘永华, 张四华. 氮肥基追比对淮北地区超高产小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(6):1027-1033. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2009.06.016. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2009.06.016
	Du S Z, Cao C F, Zhang Y L, Zhao Z, Qiao Y Q, Liu Y H, Zhang S H. Effect of basal/topdressing nitrogen ratio on yield and quality of super-high-yielding wheat in Huaibei area[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29(6):1027-1033.
[16]	Tian Z W, Liu X X, Gu S L, Yu J H, Zhang L, Zhang W W, Jiang D, Cao W X, Dai T B. Postponed and reduced basal nitrogen application improves nitrogen use efficiency and plant growth of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(12):2648-2661. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62086-6. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62086-6 URL
[17]	刘涛, 鲁剑巍, 任涛, 李小坤, 丛日环. 不同氮水平下冬油菜光合氮利用效率与光合器官氮分配的关系[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2):518-524. doi:10.11674/zwyf.14434. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.14434
	Liu T, Lu J W, Ren T, Li X K, Cong R H. Relationship between photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen allocation in photosynthetic apparatus of winter oilseed rape under different nitrogen levels[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(2):518-524.
[18]	张明伟, 王梦尧, 马泉, 丁锦峰, 朱敏, 李春燕, 朱新开, 封超年, 郭文善. 稻茬晚播小麦公顷产8000 kg高产群体特征及产量构成分析[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2020, 40(10):1194-1205. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.10.06. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.10.06
	Zhang M W, Wang M Y, Ma Q, Ding J F, Zhu M, Li C Y, Zhu X K, Feng C N, Guo W S. Population characteristics and yield components of high-yielding population of late sowing wheat at the level of 8 000 kg per hectare in rice-wheat rotation[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2020, 40(10):1194-1205.
[19]	黄宁, 王朝辉, 王丽, 马清霞, 张悦悦, 张欣欣, 王瑞. 我国主要麦区主栽高产品种产量差异及其与产量构成和氮磷钾吸收利用的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(1):81-93. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.008. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.008
	Huang N, Wang Z H, Wang L, Ma Q X, Zhang Y Y, Zhang X X, Wang R. Yield variation of winter wheat and its relationship to yield components,NPK uptake and utilization of leading and high yielding wheat cultivars in main wheat production regions of China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1):81-93.
[20]	Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, Miao Y X, Li J L, Shi L W, Xu J F, Ye Y L, Liu C S, Yang Z P, Zhang Q, Huang S M, Bao D J. On-farm evaluation of an in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil Nmin test[J]. Field Crops Research, 2008, 105(1/2):48-55. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.07.008. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.07.008 URL
[21]	巨晓棠, 谷保静. 我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(4):783-795. doi:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0401. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0401
	Ju X T, Gu B J. Status-quo,problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(4):783-795.
[22]	Wang H Y, Zhang Y T, Chen A Q, Liu H B, Zhai L M, Lei B K, Ren T Z. An optimal regional nitrogen application threshold for wheat in the North China Plain considering yield and environmental effects[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017, 207:52-61. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.002. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.002 URL
[23]	Zhao X, Zhou Y, Min J, Wang S Q, Shi W M, Xing G X. Nitrogen runoff dominates water nitrogen pollution from rice-wheat rotation in the Taihu Lake region of China[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment, 2012, 156:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.024. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.024
[24]	杜金丽. 氮肥施用对地下水污染的影响与治理策略研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2019, 44(8):22-27. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2019.08.006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2019.08.006
	Du J L. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on groundwater pollution and analysis of control strategies[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2019, 44(8):22-27.
[25]	Hawkesford M J. Reducing the reliance on nitrogen fertilizer for wheat production[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2014, 59(3):276-283. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.001. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.001 pmid: 24882935
[26]	王震, 李金秀, 张彬, 冯浩, 李金榜. 小麦玉米一体化氮肥运筹对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5):1169-1177. doi:10.11674/zwyf.17274. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.17274
	Wang Z, Li J X, Zhang B, Feng H, Li J B. Effects of different nitrogen applications on yields and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of wheats under integrated nitrogen management for wheat-maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5):1169-1177.
[27]	石玉, 于振文, 王东, 李延奇, 王雪. 施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2006, 32(12):1860-1866. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2006.12.014.
	Shi Y, Yu Z W, Wang D, Li Y Q, Wang X. Effects of nitrogen rate and ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing on uptake,translocation of nitrogen and yield in wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(12):1860-1866.

处理 Treatments	总氮肥用量 The total amount of nitrogen	氮肥基施量 Nitrogen base application	氮肥追施量 Nitrogenous fertilizer quantity
N0	0	0	0
N90	90	63.0	27.0
N135	135	94.5	40.5
N180	180	126.0	54.0
N225	225	157.5	67.5

处理 Treatments	总氮肥用量 The total amount of nitrogen	氮肥基施量 Nitrogen base application	氮肥追施量 Nitrogenous fertilizer quantity
N0	0	0	0
N90	90	63.0	27.0
N135	135	94.5	40.5
N180	180	126.0	54.0
N225	225	157.5	67.5

处理 Treatments	总氮肥用量 The total amount of nitrogen	氮肥基施量 Nitrogen base application	氮肥追施量 Nitrogenous fertilizer quantity
N(3∶7)	180	54	126
N(5∶5)	180	90	90
N(7∶3)	180	126	54
N(10∶0)	180	180	0

处理 Treatments	总氮肥用量 The total amount of nitrogen	氮肥基施量 Nitrogen base application	氮肥追施量 Nitrogenous fertilizer quantity
N(3∶7)	180	54	126
N(5∶5)	180	90	90
N(7∶3)	180	126	54
N(10∶0)	180	180	0

指标 Index	处理 Treatments	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Anthesis	乳熟期 Ripening
叶绿素含量	N0	40.5±0.8c	26.7±2.2d	10.1±0.4d
Chlorophyll contents	N90	44.7±2.1b	38.7±1.0c	19.4±1.6c
(SPAD)	N135	46.6±1.3ab	41.3±1.8b	30.7±0.8b
	N180	47.3±2.7ab	44.0±1.9a	38.4±2.1a
	N225	47.7±2.4a	43.5±1.8ab	38.3±0.6a
叶面积指数	N0	2.6±0.2c	1.7±0.3c	0.9±0.0d
Leaf area index	N90	4.6±0.4b	3.5±0.4b	2.1±0.5c
(LAI)	N135	5.5±0.4ab	3.8±0.5ab	2.9±0.5b
	N180	5.9±0.8a	4.1±0.8a	3.2±0.1ab
	N225	6.0±0.5a	4.0±0.5a	3.3±0.7a

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容