摘要：

为明确用于贮藏的维纳斯黄金苹果果实最佳采收期和最适贮藏温度。研究了3次采收期结合(-1.5±0.5),(0±0.5),(3±0.5) ℃ 3个精准贮藏温度对维纳斯黄金苹果冷藏后20 ℃货架期果实品质和防褐变保鲜的效应。结果表明,采收期Ⅰ(相对早采)结合-1.5 ℃(相对低温)贮藏能保持果实较高的硬度,但果实可溶性固形物含量(SSC)低、口感和风味较差,货架期间出现了不同程度的果皮、果心和果肉褐变;采收期Ⅲ(相对晚采)结合3 ℃(相对高温)贮藏至1月20日,果实SSC高、口感和风味好,但贮藏至3月20日+20 ℃平衡24 h和货架放置7 d,果肉发绵并严重褐变。结果还表明,与-1.5,3.0 ℃相比,0 ℃维持了贮藏后期果实较高的硬度、SSC、可滴定酸(TA)和抗坏血酸含量,并更好地保持了果实叶绿素荧光活力,延缓了果实衰老。对于同一贮藏温度来说,采收期Ⅱ果实的TA和抗坏血酸含量高于采收期Ⅰ、Ⅲ。采收期Ⅱ、Ⅲ结合0,3 ℃能保持中短期贮藏的维纳斯黄金苹果较好的商品性和内在品质。对于中长期贮藏的维纳斯黄金苹果来说,采收期Ⅱ结合0 ℃精准温度贮藏,既能有效抑制果实褐变、减缓果实软化衰老,又能维持货架期果实较好的风味和品质。

关键词: 维纳斯黄金苹果, 采收期, 精准控温, 贮藏品质, 褐变

Abstract:

To clarify the optimal harvesting period and storage temperature for the Venus apple fruit used for storage.The effects of three harvesting periods combined with three precise storage temperatures on fruit quality,anti-browning and preservation of Venus gold apple during 20 ℃ shelf life after cold storage were studied. The results showed that harvesting period Ⅰ(relatively early harvest)combined with storage at-1.5 ℃ (relatively low temperature)could maintain high fruit firmness,but the soluble solid content (SSC)of fruit was low,the taste and flavor of fruit were poor,and different degrees of browning of skin,heart and flesh appeared during shelf life. When harvested at period Ⅲ (relatively late),stored at 3 ℃ (relatively high temperature)until January 20,the fruit had high SSC,good taste and flavor. However,when stored at 20 ℃ for 24 h and stored on the shelf for 7 days,the fruit flesh was spongy and severely browning. The results showed that compared with-1.5 and 3.0 ℃,0 ℃ maintained higher firmness,SSC,titratable acid (TA)and ascorbic acid contents,and better maintained fruit chlorophyll fluorescence activity,and delayed fruit senescence. For the same storage temperature,the contents of TA and ascorbic acid in the fruits of harvest period Ⅱ were higher than those of harvest period Ⅰ and Ⅲ. The comprehensive analysis showed that the harvest period Ⅱ and Ⅲ combined with 0,3 ℃ could maintain the good merchantability and intrinsic quality of Venus gold apple stored in the medium and short term. For the Venus gold apple with medium and long-term storage,the harvest period Ⅱ combined with 0 ℃ accurate temperature storage could not only effectively inhibit fruit browning,slow fruit softening and senescence,but also maintain good flavor and quality of fruit during shelf life.

Key words: Venus gold apple, Harvest period, Precise temperature control, Storage quality, Browning