贮藏期甘薯损伤对愈伤后表皮生理特性及贮藏品质影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在明确愈伤处理对贮藏期甘薯品质影响,为甘薯高质量贮藏提供理论基础。通过对2种鲜食型甘薯心香与烟薯25分别进行贮藏,在不同的贮藏期(0,7,15,30,60,90 d)分别取样,在贮藏期设置不同程度的模拟损伤,分别为对照、高温愈伤、浅层损伤后愈伤、深层损伤后愈伤。愈伤条件为相对湿度85%,室温35 ℃的培养箱中愈伤48 h,随后测定接种软腐病病原菌后的发病病斑直径,表皮防御酶活性(PPO、POD、PAL),薯块淀粉、蛋白质、可溶性糖等营养物质含量变化。结果表明,随着贮藏期延长,甘薯块根接种软腐病病菌后病斑直径增大。经过愈伤处理的甘薯较普通环境贮藏的甘薯具有更强的软腐病抗性。贮藏至90 d,2个品种薯块受到浅层损伤愈伤后处理的病斑扩散直径仅为对照处理的74.6%,71.1%。贮藏前期0~30 d各处理防御酶活性均保持较高水平。贮藏后期90 d 2个品种损伤处理愈伤后防御酶活性均显著高于对照处理,贮藏期60 d 2个品种块根受到损伤愈伤后蔗糖含量显著高于对照处理。贮藏期甘薯在受到不同程度的损伤后经过愈伤处理可以显著提升甘薯表皮的防御酶活性,降低感染软腐病后病菌扩散速度,提高甘薯的软腐病抗性。损伤程度对甘薯愈伤效果存在影响,受到浅层损伤愈伤后在防御酶活性及贮藏品质方面均优于受到深层损伤后愈伤的甘薯。

关键词: 甘薯, 贮藏期, 损伤, 贮藏品质, 软腐病抗性

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of callus treatment on the quality of sweet potato,provide a theoretical basis for high quality storage of sweet potato.Two edible varieties of sweet potato were stored and taken at different storage periods(0,7,15,30,60 and 90 d).Different degree of injury were carried out on them.The experiment was divided into four treatments: CK, high temperature callus,callus after shallow injury,and callus after deep injury.Then put materials in an incubator with relative humidity of 85% at 35 ℃ for 48 h to healing the wound.The diameter of soft rot spots,the activity of epidermal defense enzymes(PPO,POD,PAL)and the content of nutrients in potato pieces were measured.The results showed that the spot diameter of sweet potato root increased with the extension of storage period after inoculation of Rhizopus stolonifera. Sweet potato treated with callus was more resistant to soft rot than sweet potato stored in ordinary environment.After storage for 90 days,the diffusion diameter of soft rot spots of the two varieties after callus treatment with shallow injury was only 74.6% and 71.1% of that of the control treatment.At the early stage of storage, the activity of defense enzymes in each treatment remained at a high level from 0 to 30 d. After 90 d of storage, the activity of defense enzymes after callus injury treatment was significantly higher than that of control treatment. At 60 d of storage, the sucrose content of root tuber of two varieties with treatments of callus after shallow and deep injury was significantly higher than that of CK. Callus treatment of sweet potato after different degrees of injury during storage period can significantly increase the activity of defense enzymes in sweet potato epidermis,reduce the spread speed of soft rot infection,and improve the resistance of sweet potato to soft rot.The degree of injury had influence on the callus effect of sweet potato.The callus after shallow injury was better than that of deep injury in terms of defense enzyme activity and storage quality.

Key words: Sweetpotato, Storage period, Injury, Storage quality, Soft rot disease resistance

刘宇轩, 倪文荣, 刘正一, 吕尊富, 崔鹏, 庞林江, 陆国权. 贮藏期甘薯损伤对愈伤后表皮生理特性及贮藏品质影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 219-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193809.

LIU Yuxuan, NI Wenrong, LIU Zhengyi, LÜ Zunfu, CUI Peng, PANG Linjiang, LU Guoquan. Effects of Sweet Potato Injury During Storage on Physiological Characteristics and Storage Quality after Callus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 219-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193809.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/219

图/表 21

表1 甘薯薯块表皮损伤处理方法

Tab.1 Treatment of mechanical injury of sweet potato epidermis

处理名称Treatment	处理方法Methods
对照CK	不做任何处理
高温愈伤 High temperature callus	无损伤在35 ℃,湿度85%培养箱中愈伤48 h
浅层损伤后愈伤 Callus after shallow injury	在甘薯表皮赤道部位用不锈钢刀片刻出长、宽、深为4 cm×1 cm×1 mm的伤口,每个甘薯2处伤口,随后在35 ℃,湿度85%的恒温培养箱中愈伤48 h。
深层损伤后愈伤 Callus after deep injury	在甘薯表皮赤道部位用不锈钢刀片刻出长、宽、深为4 cm×1 cm×4 mm的伤口,每个甘薯2处伤口,随后在35 ℃,湿度85%的恒温培养箱中愈伤48 h。

图1 贮藏期不同机械损伤程度心香接种匍枝根霉21 h后发病情况 A.对照;B.高温愈伤;C.浅层损伤后愈伤;D.深层损伤后愈伤。图2同。

Fig.1 The incidence of 21 h after Xinxiang was inoculated with Rhizopus stolonifera after different degrees of injury during storage A.CK;B.High temperature callus;C.Callus after shallow injury;D.Callus after deep injury.The same as Fig.2.

图2 贮藏期不同机械损伤程度烟薯25接种匍枝根霉21 h后发病情况

Fig.2 The incidence of 21 h after Yanshu 25 was inoculated with Rhizopus stolonifera after different degrees of injury during storage

图3 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香病斑直径变化

Fig.3 The disease spot diameter of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图4 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25病斑直径变化

Fig.4 The disease spot diameter of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图5 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香表皮PPO活性变化柱形上用不同小写字母标识代表不同处理在不同贮藏时间差异显著(P<0.05)。图6—20同。

Fig.5 Changes of PPO activity in the peels of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage Different lowercase letters on the column indicate significant difference in storage time of different treatments at P<0.05.The same as Fig.6—20.

图6 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25表皮PPO活性变化

Fig.6 Changes of PPO activity in the peels of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图7 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香表皮POD活性变化

Fig.7 Changes of POD activity in the peels of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图8 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25表皮POD活性变化

Fig.8 Changes of POD activity in the peels of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图9 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香表皮PAL活性变化

Fig.9 Changes of PAL activity in the peels of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图10 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25表皮PAL活性变化

Fig.10 Changes of PAL activity in the peels of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图11 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香淀粉含量变化

Fig.11 Changes of starch content in sweetpotato roots of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图12 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25淀粉含量变化

Fig.12 Changes of starch content in sweetpotato roots of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图13 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香果糖含量变化

Fig.13 Changes of fructose content in sweetpotato roots of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图14 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25果糖含量变化

Fig.14 Changes of fructose content in sweet potato roots of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图15 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香葡萄糖含量变化

Fig.15 Changes of glucose content in sweetpotato roots of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图16 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25葡萄糖含量变化

Fig.16 Changes of glucose content in sweet potato roots of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图17 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香蔗糖含量变化

Fig.17 Changes of sucrose content in sweetpotato roots of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图18 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25蔗糖含量变化

Fig.18 Changes of sucrose content in sweetpotato roots of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

图19 贮藏期不同损伤程度心香粗蛋白含量变化

Fig.19 Changes of crude protein content in sweet potato roots of Xinxiang after different degrees of injury during storage

图20 贮藏期不同损伤程度烟薯25粗蛋白含量变化

Fig.20 Changes of crude protein in sweet potato roots of Yanshu 25 after different degrees of injury during storage

参考文献 32

[1]	Šeregelj V, C'etkovic' G, Cˇanadanovic'-Brunet J, Tumbus Šaponjac V, Vulic' J, Tumbus Stajcˇic' S. Encapsulation and degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds from sweet potato peel during storage[J]. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2020, 58(3): 314-324.doi:10.17113/ftb.58.03.20.6557. pmid: 33281487
[2]	Heider B, Struelens Q, Faye É, Flores C, Palacios J E, Eyzaguirre R, de Haan S, Dangles O. Intraspecific diversity as a reservoir for heat-stress tolerance in sweet potato[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2021, 11(1): 64-69.doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00924-4.
[3]	刘锦, 张洪翠, 程圣, 何欣遥, 张敏. 生姜提取液对常温物流甘薯软腐病的影响及其机制研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2020, 46(12):57-65.doi: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.023379.
	Liu J, Zhang H C, Cheng S, He X Y, Zhang M. Effect of ginger extract on sweet potatoes with soft rot disease in room temperature logistics and its mechanism[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020, 46(12):57-65.
[4]	任映玥, 姜红, 马丽, 李永才, Dov Prusky, 毕阳. 马铃薯SOD基因家族鉴定及其在损伤块茎中的响应[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(7):1248-1259.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2021.07.002.
	Ren Y Y, Jiang H, Ma L, Li Y C, Prusky D, Bi Y. Identification of potato(Solanum tuberosum)SOD gene family and its response in damaged tubers[J]. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021, 29(7):1248-1259.
[5]	高国华, 谢海峰, 李博文, 田博兴, 张赛. 甘薯跌落碰撞损伤试验研究与分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2019, 40(9):85-90.doi: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2019.09.15.
	Gao G H, Xie H F, Li B W, Tian B X, Zhang S. Experimental study and analysis on collision damage of sweet potato in drop[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2019, 40(9):85-90.
[6]	吕晓龙, 孙洁, 王希卓, 王彩霞, 周新群, 陈琳. 甘薯愈伤组织的形成及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(20):14-20.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.20.003.
	Lü X L, Sun J, Wang X Z, Wang C X, Zhou C X, Chen L. Recent advances in research on callus formation and influencing factors of sweet potato[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 58(20): 14-20.
[7]	孙卓. 植物诱导抗病性的应用研究及其展望[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(19): 8149-8150.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2008.19.089.
	Sun Z. Application research on induced disease resistance of plant and it prospects[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 36(19): 8149-8150.
[8]	李落叶, 郭萍, 井金学, 李振岐. 低聚糖诱导小麦抗条锈性及相关酶活性变化的研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(10): 1784-1787.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2003.10.023.
	Li L Y, Guo P, Jing J X, Li Z Q. Research on stripe rust resistance of wheat induced by oligosaccharides[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23(10): 1784-1787.
[9]	辛奇, 孙洁, 冯欣欣, 赵泽众, 刘帮迪, 江丽华, 郝光飞. 快速热激处理对甘薯愈伤层形成及代谢的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2022, 43(23):228-238.doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20211111-132.
	Xin Q, Sun J, Feng X X, Zhao Z Z, Liu B D, Jiang L H, Hao G F. Effect of rapid heat treatment on wound healing and metabolic mechanism in sweet potato[J]. Food Science, 2022, 43(23):228-238. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20211111-132
[10]	刘太国, 石延霞, 文景芝, 李永镐. 水杨酸诱导烟草对TMV的抗性和PAL活性变化研究[J]. 植物病理学报, 2003, 33(2): 190-191.doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0412-0914.2003.02.021.
	Liu T G, Shi Y X, Wen J Z, Li Y G. Changes of the PAL activity and induced resistance to TMV in tobacco treated with SA and inoculated with TMV[J]. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2003, 33(2): 190-191.
[11]	张铉哲, 陈梅, 赵雪, 任雪琦, 徐浩然, 陈苏慧. 马铃薯疮痂病菌分离鉴定与抗病诱导剂对马铃薯疮痂病防治效果研究[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2021, 52(5):10-17.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9369.2021.05.002.
	Zhang X Z, Chen M, Zhao X, Ren X Q, Xu H R, Chen S H. Isolation and identification of potato scab pathogen and control efficacy of disease-resistant inducer on potato common scab[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2021, 52(5):10-17.
[12]	杨冬静, 徐振, 赵永强, 张成玲, 孙厚俊, 谢逸萍. 甘薯软腐病抗性鉴定方法研究及其对甘薯种质资源抗性评价[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(S1):54-56.doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.013.
	Yang D J, Xu Z, Zhao Y Q, Zhang C L, Sun H J, Xie Y P. The study of identification method of sweet potato soft rot resistance and the evaluation of their disease resistance[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2014, 29(S1):54-56.
[13]	Rao L, Perez D, White E. Lamin proteolysis facilitates nuclear events during apoptosis[J]. The Journal of Cell Biology, 1996, 135(6): 1441-1455.doi:10.1083/jcb.135.6.1441. URL
[14]	Pizzocaro F, Torreggiani D, Gilardi G. Inhibition of apple polyphenoloxidase(ppo)by ascorbic acid,citric acid and sodium chloride[J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 1993, 17(1): 21-30.doi:10.1111/j.1745-4549.1993.tb00223.x. URL
[15]	Lister C E, Lancaster J E, Walker J R L. Developmental changes in enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis in the skins of red and green apple cultivars[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1996, 71(3): 313-320.doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199607)71:3313:aid-jsfa586>3.0.co;2-n. URL
[16]	陆国权, 李秀玲, 丁守仁. 盐酸水解DNS比色法快速测定甘薯淀粉含量的标准方法研究[J]. 中国粮油学报, 2002, 17(1):25-28.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1003-0174.2002.01.007.
	Lu G Q, Li X L, Ding S R. Quick analysis of starch content of sweetpotato by HCl hydrolysis-DNS method[J]. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2002, 17(1):25-28.
[17]	李燕平. 高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法测定茶叶中果糖、葡糖、蔗糖的含量[J]. 广东化工, 2016, 43(7):187-188.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1865.2016.07.092.
	Li Y P. Determination of fructose,glucose and sucrose in tea by high performance liquid chromatography-differential refraction detector[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2016, 43(7)187-188.
[18]	赵凌霄, 邓逸桐, 衡曦彤, 程娟, 袁博, 赵冬兰, 戴习彬, 曹清河. 106份特色甘薯品种资源品质性状评价与分析[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2021, 37(4):839-847.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2021.04.004.
	Zhao L X, Deng Y T, Heng X T, Cheng J, Yuan B, Zhao D L, Dai X B, Cao Q H. Evaluation and analysis of quality characters of 106 special sweetpotato variety resources[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 37(4):839-847.
[19]	张思梦, 倪文荣, 吕尊富, 林燕, 林力卓, 钟子毓, 崔鹏, 陆国权. 影响甘薯收获期软腐病发生的指标筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(8):1450-1459.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04213.
	Zhang S M, Ni W R, Lü Z F, Lin Y, Lin L Z, Zhong Z Y, Cui P, Lu G Q. Identification and index screening of soft rot resistance at harvest stage in sweetpotato[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(8):1450-1459. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04213
[20]	吴美艳, 罗兴录, 刘珊廷, 樊铸硼, 黄堂伟, 杨燕妮. 木薯叶片5种防御酶活性与细菌性枯萎病抗性的关系[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2022, 27(1): 109-115.doi:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2022.01.10.
	Wu M Y, Luo X L, Liu S T, Fan Z P, Huang T W, Yang Y N. Relationship between the activities of five defense enzymes in cassava leaves and bacterial blight resistance[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(1): 109-115.
[21]	从春蕾, 郅军锐, 廖启荣, 莫利锋. 蓟马取食、机械损伤以及外源水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸对菜豆叶片防御酶活性的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 2014, 57(5):564-571.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2012.06.039.
	Cong C L, Zhi J R, Liao Q R, Mo L F. Effects of thrips feeding,mechanical wounding,and exogenous methyl salicylate and jasmonic acid on defense enzyme activities in kidney bean leaf[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2014, 57(5):564-571.
[22]	李雪, 吴觉天, 王毅, 姜红, 毕阳, 司敏, 张静荣, 徐洁. 采后ABA处理促进陇薯3号马铃薯块茎愈伤形成[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(20): 4003-4011.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.20.014.
	Li X, Wu J T, Wang Y, Jiang H, Bi Y, Si M, Zhang J R, Xu J. Postharvest ABA treatment promote wound healing of Potato Longshu No.3 tubers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(20): 4003-4011.
[23]	梁伟, 朱亚同, 柴秀伟, 孔蕊, 李斌山, 李永才, 毕阳, DOV Prusky. P-香豆酸通过加速伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质素的沉积促进马铃薯块茎愈伤[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(20): 4434-4445.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.20.016.
	Liang W, Zhu Y T, Chai X W, Kong R, Li B S, Li Y C, Bi Y, Prusky D. P-coumaric acid promoted wound healing of potato tubers by accelerating the deposition of suberin poly phenolic and lignin at wound sites[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4434-4445.
[24]	张斌, 高宝嘉, 刘洋. 剪叶和取食刺激对油松体内几种防御酶的活性及其动态的影响[J]. 生态科学, 2017, 36(1): 118-122.doi:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.01.016.
	Zhang B, Gao B J, Liu Y. The effects of leaf-cutting and feeding stimulation on the activities and dynamic of defense enzymes in Chinese pine[J]. Ecological Science, 2017, 36(1): 118-122.
[25]	高佳敏, 高素红, 高宝嘉. 昆虫取食和机械损伤对葡萄叶片代谢物的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2019, 28(9): 1543-1551.doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2019.09.021.
	Gao J M, Gao S H, Gao B J. Effects of insect feeding and mechanical damages on metabolites in leaves of grape[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 1543-1551.
[26]	Martinez-Medina A, Flors V, Heil M, Mauch-Mani B, Pieterse C M J, Pozo M J, Ton J, van Dam N M, Conrath U. Recognizing plant defense priming[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2016, 21(10): 818-822.doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.009. pmid: 27507609
[27]	Liu Y, Pan Q H, Zhan J C, Tian R R, Huang W D. Response of endogenous salicylic acid and jasmonates to mechanical wounding in pea leaves[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2008, 7(5): 622-629.doi:10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60061-9. URL
[28]	Xie Z Y, Zhou Z L, Li H M, Yu J J, Jiang J J, Tang Z H, Ma D F, Zhang B H, Han Y H, Li Z Y. High throughput sequencing identifies chilling responsive genes in sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.) during storage[J]. Genomics, 2019, 111(5): 1006-1017.doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.014. URL
[29]	赵琳, 叶夏芳, 董韦, 石江, 骆乐谈, 陆国权. 贮藏期不同类型甘薯块根营养品质与淀粉特性变化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12):2224-2233.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.02.
	Zhao L, Ye X F, Dong W, Shi J, Luo L T, Lu G Q. Changes of nutritional quality and starch properties of different types of sweet potato roots during storage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(12):2224-2233. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.12.02
[30]	李思明, 司成成, 刘永华, 梁清干, 黄婷, 朱国鹏. 不同甘薯品种块根营养品质与产量综合评价[J]. 热带作物学报, 2021, 42(3):713-719.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.03.015.
	Li S M, Si C C, Liu Y H, Liang Q G, Huang T, Zhu G P. Comprehensive evaluation of nutrient quality and yield of different sweet potato varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2021, 42(3)713-719.
[31]	李臣, 薛冠炜, 黄静艳, 崔鹏, 陆国权. 甘薯贮藏期主要营养成分及香味组分的变化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2018, 30(6):1056-1062.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.06.24.
	Li C, Xue G W, Huang J Y, Cui P, Lu G Q. Dynamics of main nutritional components and aroma components of three sweet potato varieties during storage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2018, 30(6):1056-1062. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.06.24
[32]	Kitahara K, Nakamura Y, Otani M, Hamada T, Nakayachi O, Takahata Y. Carbohydrate components in sweetpotato storage roots:their diversities and genetic improvement[J]. Breeding Science, 2017, 67(1): 62-72.doi:10.1270/jsbbs.16135. URL

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容