施钾量对紫甘薯产量及养分利用的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明不同施钾量对紫甘薯产量及养分利用的影响，为紫甘薯合理施用钾肥提供理论与实践依据。采用随机区组试验设计、田间试验与化学分析相结合的方法，研究不同施钾量对低肥力土壤上紫甘薯干物质积累、产量及其构成因子、氮磷钾素积累、钾素利用效率的影响。结果表明，在甘薯整个生育期，施钾处理紫甘薯块根干物质积累量高于K₀处理，在施钾量为180 kg/hm²时块根干物质积累量达到最大值。施钾可提高地下部干物质分配比率，增加单株结薯数和单块薯质量，从而提高紫甘薯产量，以施钾量为180 kg/hm²时增产幅度最大，与不施钾处理相比，2016，2017年分别增产20.78%，26.19%，且差异显著（P <0.05）。与K₀处理相比，施钾可促进紫甘薯对氮素和磷素的吸收，并显著提高收获期整株氮磷累积量，以K₃处理增幅最大；块根和整株氮累积量分别增加75.38%，65.75%，磷累积量分别增加45.24%，60.28%，且差异显著（P <0.05）。施钾处理显著提高钾肥表观利用率和农学利用率，与K₀处理相比，K₃处理表观利用率和农学利用率分别增加了47.82百分点，158.11%，且差异显著（P <0.05）。因此，在该试验条件下，紫甘薯最适施钾量为180 kg/hm²。

关键词: 紫甘薯, 钾, 产量, 养分利用

Abstract: In order to find out the effect of different potassium doses on the yield and nutrient utilization of purple sweet potato,it provides theoretical and practical basis for the rational application of potash fertilizer. Using design of randomized block experiment,field experiment and chemical analysis method,the different amount of potassium application on low fertility soil accumulation of dry matter,yield and its components purple sweet potato factor,NPK factor accumulation,the effects of potassium use efficiency were studied. The results showed that dry matter accumulation in roots of purple sweet potato was higher than that of K₀ treatment during the growth of sweet potato,when the amount of potassium was 180 kg/ha,the accumulation of root dry matter reached the maximum. Potassium had effect on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter,increased the number of potatoes and single potato weight,and could increase the yield of sweet potato and obtain the largest yield increase when the rate of potassium application was 180 kg/ha. Compared with the K₀,the yield increased by 20.78% and 26.19%,respectively,in 2016 and 2017,and the difference was significant(P <0.05).Compared with K₀ treatment,potassium could promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in purple sweet potato,significantly increased the accumulation of whole plant nitrogen and phosphorus,and increased the maximum growth rate of K₃. The accumulation amount of the root and the whole plant nitrogen increased by 75.38% and 65.75% respectively,and the cumulative phosphorus accumulation increased by 45.24% and 60.28%,respectively,and difference was significant(P <0.05). Besides,potassium fertilizer treatments could also increase the utilization ratio of potash fertilizer and agronomic efficiency. Compared with K₀,apparent utilization and agriculture utilization increased by 47.82 percentage points and 158.11%,respectively,and the difference was significant(P <0.05). Therefore,the optimum application dosage of potassium fertilizer was confirmed to be 180 kg/ha.

Key words: Purple sweet potato, Potassium, Yield, Nutrient utilization

中图分类号:

S531
S143.3

赵风芹, 刘庆, 杜志勇, 史衍玺. 施钾量对紫甘薯产量及养分利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(5): 226-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.031.

ZHAO Fengqin, LIU Qing, DU Zhiyong, SHI Yanxi. Effects of Potassium Levels on Storage Root Yield and Nutrient Utilization of Purple Sweet Potato[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(5): 226-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.031.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I5/226

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