摘要： 为探索化学氮肥减量配施条件下双季稻田较优的绿肥混作方式，以早稻品种中早39和晚稻品种泰优390为材料，于2016-2017年采用定位试验研究了不同绿肥混作方式（紫云英单作，AS；紫云英与满园花混作，AR；紫云英与黑麦草混作，AL；紫云英与满园花与黑麦草混作，ARL；冬闲处理，CK）与氮肥减量配施对双季早、晚稻产量形成特性的影响。结果表明：各绿肥还田处理绿肥替代化肥氮比例，2016年为28.98%~39.68%，2017年为30.55%~39.47%，以AS处理较大，AL处理最低。绿肥替代部分基施化肥对水稻分蘖动态无显著影响，但各绿肥还田处理均有较好的增产效果，不同模式间差异明显，2016年早、晚稻均以AS处理增产效果最好（分别较CK增产7.3%和8.5%），其次是AR处理（分别较CK增产6.0%和7.1%）；2017年早、晚稻均以AR处理增产效果最好（分别较CK增产7.2%和5.5%），其次是AS处理（分别较CK增产5.5%和4.7%）。绿肥替代部分基施化肥有利于提高水稻灌浆期叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值与干物质积累量，进而提高有效穗数和结实率；各处理在年际间有一定差异，但一般以AS和AR处理表现较好。可见，绿肥替代部分基施化学氮肥有利于提高双季稻产量，且以紫云英单作和紫云英+满园花混作效果较好。

关键词: 绿肥, 氮肥减量, 双季稻, 产量形成

Abstract: To probe the optimal green manure mixed cropping modes under condition of chemical fertilizer reduction,the effects of different green manure mixed cropping modes(Astragalus smicus monoculture,AS; Astragalus smicus+Ro-phanus sativus L. mixed cultivation,AR; Astragalus smicus+Lolium perenne L.,AL; Astragalus smicus+Ro-phanus sativus L.+ Lolium perenne L. mixed cultivation,ARL; Winter fallow,CK)and nitrogen reduction application on yield formation characters of early and late rice were studied with Zhongzao 39 and Taiyou 390 as early and late rice materials,respectively. The results showed that:the substitution proportion of green manure to chemical nitrogen in treatments of green manure return to field was 28.98%-39.68% in 2016 and 30.55%-39.47% in 2017 respectively,which in AS treatment was bigger and which in AL treatment was the lowest. The substitution of green manure to basal chemical nitrogen had not clear affect on tillering dynamics,while all treatments of green manure return to field had the better yield-increasing effect,and the difference among different treatments was observed. In 2016,the yield increasing effect of AS treatment on early and late rice was the best (increased by 7.3% and 8.5%,respectively),and the next was AR treatment (increased by 6.0% and 7.1%,respectively),while in 2017 the yield increasing effect of AR treatment on early and late rice was the best(increased by 7.2% and 5.5%,respectively),and the next was AS treatment(increased by 5.5% and 4.7%,respectively).The substitution of green manure to basal chemical nitrogen was advantageous to heighten the leaf area index and leaf SPAD value at filling stage and dry matter accumulation,and then improve the effective panicles and seed setting rate,while the effect was different among different treatments,and AS and AR treatment performed well in common.So,the substitution of green manure to basal chemical nitrogen fertilizer was advantageous to heighten yield of double cropping rice,and astragalus smicus monoculture and astragalus smicus+Ro-phanus sativus L. mixed cultivation performed well.

Key words: Green manure, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Double cropping rice, Yield formation

中图分类号: 

• S143.1